2015年-CEPS欧洲政策研究中心_Improving_the_Clean_Development_Mechanism_25页_127kb

报告摘要

European Climate Platform (ECP) Report: Improving the Clean Development Mechanism

Core Content

This report, authored by the European Climate Platform (ECP), a joint initiative of CLIPORE and CEPS, presents an analysis of the Clean Development Mechanism (CDM) under the Kyoto Protocol and outlines recommendations for its reform. The goal is to transform the CDM from a limited instrument into a major tool for achieving long-term climate change objectives.

Main Objectives

To improve the CDM's immediate functioning and unlock its future potential.
To align the CDM with the strategic and operational needs of both developed and developing countries.
To address the challenges of integrating global capital markets with international climate negotiations.

Key Issues and Recommendations

1. Objectives

Short-term (until 2012): Clarify the definition and assessment of additionality and sustainable development for project proponents. Improve the transparency of the additionality tool by removing provisions on the impact of CDM registration.
Medium-term: Reconsider the CDM's role and scale in a post-2012 regime. Evaluate its potential as a tool for technology transfer, FDI, and ODA.
Long-term: Redefine the CDM's objectives to align with long-term greenhouse gas abatement goals. Determine whether the CDM should be a principal or supplementary tool for emission reduction in non-Annex I countries.

2. Governance

Short-term: Address governance issues of the CDM Executive Board (EB) and Designated National Authorities (DNAs). Ensure the EB is elected by regional groups based on Terms of Reference.
Medium-term: Strengthen the EB's independence from DNAs and ensure a mix of expertise in its composition. Establish a help desk for project developers and DOEs.
Long-term: Ensure the CDM becomes self-financing by 2008. Guarantee that Annex I Parties deliver sufficient financial resources to the EB. The COP/MOP should allocate a sufficient percentage of CER proceeds to the EB.

3. Market Functioning

Short-term: Clarify the design and scope of the CDM to reduce market uncertainty.
Medium-term: Ensure the continuation of the CDM in case the post-2012 regime remains unclear. Guarantee that CERs will be recognized beyond 2012.
Long-term: Develop the necessary trading infrastructure, including the International Transaction Log and International Emissions Trading, by 2008. Facilitate the integration of national and regional carbon markets.

4. Project Scope

Short-term: Encourage the development of new methodologies for underrepresented emission sources. Address regional imbalances in project types and sectors.
Medium-term: Consider the inclusion of a broader range of forestry and bio-energy projects, such as avoided deforestation and revegetation.
Long-term: Explore programmatic or sectoral approaches to scale up the CDM. Ensure that projects align with long-term development goals and emission trends.

Time Frame for Reform

Short-term (until 2008): Focus on governance, transparency, and financial support to ensure the CDM functions effectively during the first compliance period.
Medium-term (2008–2012): Address uncertainty around the post-2012 regime and secure the continuation of the CDM through domestic and regional policies.
Long-term (post-2012): Reconsider the CDM's role and scope in the context of long-term climate change objectives and global emission trends.

Conclusions

The CDM, while a significant innovation, faces challenges in meeting its intended goals. Its current limitations include governance inefficiencies, market uncertainty, and a narrow project scope that favors developed countries. To ensure its success, the CDM must evolve into a more efficient, transparent, and inclusive mechanism that supports both environmental and developmental objectives. This requires a coordinated strategy across all time frames and stakeholder groups, including the private sector, NGOs, and international organizations.

Key Takeaways

The CDM is a market-based mechanism that aims to promote sustainable development and reduce emissions in developing countries.
Its current limitations hinder its effectiveness and scalability.
Reform must address governance, market functioning, and project scope to align with long-term climate goals.
The CDM must be integrated with other international agreements and policies to enhance its impact.
Ensuring the CDM's continuation and self-financing is critical to maintaining its role in global climate governance.