2011年-世界发展银行全球_Enterprise_Surveys___Angola_Country_Profile_2010_15页_1mb

Angola Country Profile 2010 - Enterprise Survey Summary

Core Content Overview

The Angola Country Profile 2010 is part of the World Bank's Enterprise Surveys, which aim to assess the business environment and firm productivity across various sectors. The data is collected through face-to-face interviews with managers and owners of non-agricultural formal private firms, covering a range of indicators related to infrastructure, trade, regulations, taxes, corruption, crime, and the workforce. The report compares Angola with its regional benchmark (Sub-Saharan Africa) and income group (Lower middle income).

Key Business Environment Indicators

Corruption

• Graft Index (Percentage of firms expected to pay bribes): 56.1% in Angola, significantly higher than the regional average of 62.7% and the income group average of 19.4%.
• Gifts to tax inspectors: 34.2% of firms in Angola expect to give gifts, compared to 22.0% in Sub-Saharan Africa and 15.8% in Lower middle income countries.
• Gifts to secure government contracts: 58.5% of firms in Angola expect to give gifts, compared to 51.5% in Sub-Saharan Africa and 20.8% in Lower middle income countries.
• Gifts to get a construction permit: 48.2% of firms in Angola expect to give gifts, compared to 64.6% in Sub-Saharan Africa and 24.6% in Lower middle income countries.
• Gifts to get an import license: 55.6% of firms in Angola expect to give gifts, compared to 54.2% in Sub-Saharan Africa and 14.1% in Lower middle income countries.
• Gifts to get an operating license: 39.0% of firms in Angola expect to give gifts, compared to 87.9% in Sub-Saharan Africa and 14.9% in Lower middle income countries.

Regulations, Taxes, and Business Licensing

• Days to obtain an import license: 28.8 days in Angola, higher than the regional average of 22.9 days and the income group average of 18.8 days.
• Days to obtain a construction-related permit: 11.5 days in Angola, compared to 8.1 days in Sub-Saharan Africa and 51.0 days in Lower middle income countries.
• Days to obtain an operating license: 34.7 days in Angola, higher than the regional average of 18.4 days and the income group average of 25.5 days.
• Senior management time spent dealing with government regulation: 12.2% in Angola, compared to 17.2% in Sub-Saharan Africa and 7.6% in Lower middle income countries.
• Average number of visits to tax officials: 2.5 in Angola, compared to 1.8 in Sub-Saharan Africa and 2.3 in Lower middle income countries.
• Shareholding company types:
  • Open shareholding: 9.5% in Angola, compared to 29.4% in Sub-Saharan Africa and 6.3% in Lower middle income countries.
  • Closed shareholding: 34.3% in Angola, compared to 43.3% in Sub-Saharan Africa and 25.6% in Lower middle income countries.
  • Sole proprietorship: 44.8% in Angola, compared to 18.6% in Sub-Saharan Africa and 56.2% in Lower middle income countries.
  • Partnership: 10.1% in Angola, compared to 6.6% in Sub-Saharan Africa and 9.3% in Lower middle income countries.
  • Limited partnership: 0.2% in Angola, compared to 2.1% in Sub-Saharan Africa and 3.5% in Lower middle income countries.
  • Other: 0.0% in Angola, compared to 0.0% in Sub-Saharan Africa and 2.8% in Lower middle income countries.

Average Firm Characteristics

• Age of firms: 10.0 years on average in Angola, compared to 14.5 years in Sub-Saharan Africa and 16.2 years in Lower middle income countries.
• Female top managers: 13.5% of firms in Angola, compared to 7.2% in Sub-Saharan Africa and 20.5% in Lower middle income countries.
• Female participation in ownership: 56.6% in Angola, compared to 71.1% in Sub-Saharan Africa and 37.1% in Lower middle income countries.
• Ownership composition:
  • Private domestic: 59.2% in Angola, compared to 57.4% in Sub-Saharan Africa and 80.9% in Lower middle income countries.
  • Private foreign: 14.8% in Angola, compared to 26.6% in Sub-Saharan Africa and 9.7% in Lower middle income countries.
  • Government/state: 1.1% in Angola, compared to 7.0% in Sub-Saharan Africa and 0.8% in Lower middle income countries.
  • Other: 24.9% in Angola, compared to 9.0% in Sub-Saharan Africa and 3.1% in Lower middle income countries.

Finance

• Internal finance for investment: 91.2% of firms in Angola, compared to 91.0% in Sub-Saharan Africa and 79.8% in Lower middle income countries.
• Bank finance for investment: 5.3% in Angola, compared to 2.2% in Sub-Saharan Africa and 10.4% in Lower middle income countries.
• Trade credit for investment: 1.8% in Angola, compared to 3.7% in Sub-Saharan Africa and 3.4% in Lower middle income countries.
• Equity, sale of stock for investment: 1.8% in Angola, compared to 3.1% in Sub-Saharan Africa and 1.6% in Lower middle income countries.
• External working capital financing: 10.2% in Angola, compared to 8.5% in Sub-Saharan Africa and 26.0% in Lower middle income countries.
• Collateral needed for a loan: 202.9% of the loan amount in Angola, compared to 149.8% in Sub-Saharan Africa and 154.7% in Lower middle income countries.
• Firms with bank loans/lines of credit: 9.5% in Angola, compared to 13.3% in Sub-Saharan Africa and 22.7% in Lower middle income countries.
• Firms with checking or savings accounts: 86.4% in Angola, compared to 87.7% in Sub-Saharan Africa and 86.3% in Lower middle income countries.

Infrastructure

• Number of power outages per month: 5.4 in Angola, compared to 4.9 in Sub-Saharan Africa and 8.0 in Lower middle income countries.
• Value lost due to power outages (% of sales): 12.6% in Angola, compared to 10.7% in Sub-Saharan Africa and 6.5% in Lower middle income countries.
• Number of water shortages per month: 5.5 in Angola, compared to 6.5 in Sub-Saharan Africa and 7.2 in Lower middle income countries.
• Average duration of water shortage (hours): 9.9 in Angola, compared to 11.1 in Sub-Saharan Africa and 10.2 in Lower middle income countries.
• Delay in obtaining an electrical connection: 7.7 days in Angola, compared to 4.1 days in Sub-Saharan Africa and 31.2 days in Lower middle income countries.
• Delay in obtaining a water connection: 17.9 days in Angola, compared to 9.3 days in Sub-Saharan Africa and 29.4 days in Lower middle income countries.
• Delay in obtaining a mainline telephone connection: 9.3 days in Angola, compared to 4.0 days in Sub-Saharan Africa and 30.7 days in Lower middle income countries.

Trade

• Percentage of exporter firms: 5.8% in Angola, compared to 13.2% in Sub-Saharan Africa and 9.9% in Lower middle income countries.
• Percentage of firms using foreign inputs/supplies: 63.0% in Angola, compared to 68.7% in Sub-Saharan Africa and 60.7% in Lower middle income countries.
• Average time to clear direct exports through customs: 6.7 days in Angola, compared to 2.1 days in Sub-Saharan Africa and 7.5 days in Lower middle income countries.
• Average time to clear imports through customs: 11.4 days in Angola, compared to 11.5 days in Sub-Saharan Africa and 13.6 days in Lower middle income countries.
• Losses during direct export due to theft: 7.0% in Angola, compared to 1.4% in Sub-Saharan Africa and 0.9% in Lower middle income countries.
• Losses during direct export due to breakage/spoilage: 7.1% in Angola, compared to 1.9% in Sub-Saharan Africa and 1.4% in Lower middle income countries.

Crime and Informality

• Percentage of firms believing court system is fair: 23.7% in Angola, compared to 46.4% in Sub-Saharan Africa and 43.1% in Lower middle income countries.
• Security costs (% of sales): 7.6% in Angola, compared to 9.3% in Sub-Saharan Africa and 2.0% in Lower middle income countries.
• Losses due to theft, robbery, vandalism, and arson (% of sales): 1.5% in Angola, compared to 2.0% in Sub-Saharan Africa and 1.7% in Lower middle income countries.
• Percentage of firms formally registered at start: 62.7% in Angola, compared to 79.7% in Sub-Saharan Africa and 80.9% in Lower middle income countries.

Innovation and Workforce

• Percentage of firms with international quality certification: 21.6% in Angola, compared to 45.4% in Sub-Saharan Africa and 14.2% in Lower middle income countries.
• Percentage of firms with annual financial statement reviewed by external auditors: 20.2% in Angola, compared to 40.5% in Sub-Saharan Africa and 43.4% in Lower middle income countries.
• Percentage of firms using their own website: 28.9% in Angola, compared to 38.9% in Sub-Saharan Africa and 18.2% in Lower middle income countries.
• Percentage of firms using email for communication: 38.1% in Angola, compared to 60.2% in Sub-Saharan Africa and 46.4% in Lower middle income countries.
• Average number of temporary workers: 2.3 in Angola, compared to 6.7 in Sub-Saharan Africa and 5.4 in Lower middle income countries.
• Average number of permanent, full-time workers: 31.8 in Angola, compared to 128.6 in Sub-Saharan Africa and 26.9 in Lower middle income countries.
• Percentage of full-time female workers: 50.7% in Angola, compared to 37.6% in Sub-Saharan Africa and 24.5% in Lower middle income countries.

Conclusion

The Enterprise Surveys highlight that Angola's business environment faces significant challenges, particularly in areas of corruption, infrastructure, and regulatory efficiency. These issues hinder firm productivity, increase operational costs, and reduce the attractiveness of the country for both domestic and foreign investment. While there are some similarities with other countries in the Lower middle income group, Angola lags behind in several key indicators, indicating a need for reform in governance, infrastructure development, and financial market efficiency.