2003年-世界发展银行全球_Environment_Matters_at_the_World_Bank___Annual_Review_2003_68页_8mb

Summary of Environment Matters - 2003 Annual Review

Core Content

Environment Matters is the World Bank Group's annual environmental review, covering the period from July 2002 to June 2003. It highlights the Bank's environmental work, challenges, and opportunities in achieving sustainable development, with a special focus on water and the environment. The report also outlines the Bank's strategy and progress in integrating environmental considerations into development programs and policies across various regions and sectors.

Main Contributors and Editorial Team

• Chair/Vice President: Ian Johnson (Environment), Kristalina I. Georgieva (Environment), Kevin M. Cleaver (Rural), Steen Lau Jorgensen (Social)
• Editorial & Production Team:
  • Technical Editor: Ede Jorge Ijjasz-Vasquez
  • Story Editor: Robert T. Livernash
  • Designer, Photo and Managing Editor: Jim Cantrell
  • Associate Photo Editor: John Richard Shea
  • Editorial Assistants: Diane Flex, Alexander Kirilkin
  • Special Contributors: Kristyn E. Ebro, James Warren Evans

Key Themes and Main Points

• Water and Environment: Water is central to sustainable development and poverty reduction. The World Bank Group has developed a new Water Resources Strategy and an Infrastructure Action Plan to address the growing demand for infrastructure and sustainable water management.
• Millennium Development Goals (MDGs): Environmental sustainability is one of the seven core development issues. Achieving the MDGs requires substantial improvements in governance and increased development assistance. The Bank's Environment Strategy emphasizes the integration of environmental concerns into poverty reduction strategies and development programs.
• Environmental Lending and Investment: Environmental and natural resource management lending has increased, reaching $1.1 billion in fiscal 2003, and is expected to grow to $2.1 billion in 2004. The Bank has also expanded its advisory services and analytical tools, such as Country Environmental Analysis (CEA) and Strategic Environmental Assessments (SEA).
• Protected Areas and Biodiversity: The Bank supports the establishment and management of protected areas to enhance livelihoods and reduce environmental degradation. It has contributed to 233 projects in 85 countries, with a total portfolio of $3.2 billion.
• Climate Change and Carbon Finance: The Community Development Carbon Fund (CDCF) was launched to channel carbon finance to small projects and poor communities in developing countries. The fund aims to provide $100 million in support, with examples from Kenya and Vietnam.
• Ozone-Depleting Substances (ODS): The World Bank's Montreal Protocol Program has successfully assisted over 30 countries in phasing out ODS, with a focus on reducing both supply and demand. Major producers like Russia, India, and China have made significant progress in this regard.
• Operational Challenges: The report discusses key operational challenges in the water and environment sector, including unsustainable practices, limited access to markets, and the need for cross-sectoral coordination.

Regional Focus

• Each of the World Bank's six Regions (Africa, East Asia and Pacific, Europe and Central Asia, Latin America and the Caribbean, Middle East and North Africa, South Asia) has contributed a review of their environmental work.
• These reviews highlight progress in implementing the Environment Strategy, supporting environmentally appropriate policies, and addressing the linkages between water and environmental management in regional programs.

Institutional Contributions

• IFC: Promotes private sector investment in water supply and sanitation, with a focus on sustainable development.
• WBI: Supports the MDGs through training, policy services, and knowledge-sharing initiatives.
• Safeguard Policies: The Bank has improved the implementation of environmental and social safeguard policies, including the new Policy on Disclosure of Information and enhanced guidance for community-driven development projects.

Key Statistics and Figures

• Water Use: Global water use has increased sixfold over the past century, with irrigation accounting for over 70%.
• MDG Funding: Achieving the MDGs requires at least doubling development assistance, currently around $57 billion annually.
• Environmental Lending: Environmental and natural resource management lending reached $1.1 billion in 2003 and is projected to grow to $2.1 billion in 2004.
• Active Projects: Active projects with environmental content amount to $13 billion, representing about 13% of the total active portfolio.
• Protected Areas: The Bank has supported 233 projects in 85 countries, with a total portfolio of $3.2 billion.

Conclusion

Environment Matters underscores the critical role of environmental sustainability in achieving global development goals. It highlights the Bank's efforts in promoting integrated water management, enhancing environmental governance, and supporting the private sector and local communities in sustainable development. The report calls for a renewed commitment from all stakeholders to ensure that environmental considerations are at the forefront of development strategies and policies.