2008-12-17-皮尤-Global_Public_Opinion_in_the_Bush_Years_2001-2008_18页_126kb

Summary of Pew Global Attitudes Report: Global Public Opinion in the Bush Years (2001-2008)

Introduction
This report from the Pew Research Center analyzes global public opinion from 2001 to 2008, focusing on America's image, Muslim-Western relations, the global economy, and the rise of China. It highlights declining positive views of the U.S. abroad and widespread concerns over issues like the financial crisis, terrorism, and environmental threats.

Section: America's Declining Global Image

• The U.S. image suffered significantly due to wars in Iraq and Afghanistan, economic mismanagement during the financial crisis, and perceived bullying tactics in foreign policy.
• Support among allies in Europe sharply decreased, with key nations like Britain, France, and Germany expressing blame for financial woes and disapproval of U.S. actions.
• Sub-Saharan Africa remains one of the few regions with uniformly positive views of the U.S., though even there, nuances exist.

Section: Tensions Between Muslims and Westerners

• Significant cultural and ideological divides exist, with differing perspectives on events like the 9/11 attacks and Western disrespect for Islam.
• Muslims often view the U.S. war on terrorism negatively, seeing it as a means to control oil or dominate the world, while Westerners blame intolerance among Muslims.
• Both groups hold negative stereotypes toward each other, associating non-Muslims with fanaticism and violence, and Westerners with traits like selfishness and arrogance.

Section: The Rise of China and the Global Economy

• China's economic growth has raised concerns, with declining favorable views in Europe and other nations. Its rivalry with the U.S. suggests it may soon replace the U.S. as the world's leading superpower.
• The 2008 financial crisis is widely attributed to U.S. policies, and globalization, despite broad appeal, faces challenges like job displacement from foreign competition and environmental damage.
• Majorities in many countries expressed concern about income inequality and environmental issues, with climate change becoming a top global threat in 2007.

Section: Key Opinion Shifts and Trends

• Confidence in George W. Bush's leadership among other countries plummeted, with only three nations expressing high confidence by 2008.
• While support for suicide bombing decreased among Muslims, overall mistrust and conflict in relations persisted.
• A majority of surveyed countries view America positively as a nation of opportunity, and China's perception grew more negative compared to the U.S.

Conclusion

Despite widespread criticism and strain in international relations, the U.S. retains some strengths as a leader in science, technology, and personal freedoms, with many nations optimistic about potential policy changes under new leadership.