2013年-世界发展银行全球_Comoros_Tourism_Sector_Review___Discovering_the_Tourism_Potential_of_Natural_Wonders_27页_1mb

Summary of the Tourism Sector Review in Comoros

Core Content

The Union of Comoros, a small and poor state in the Indian Ocean, has a tourism sector that is still in the early stages of development. Despite its natural beauty, rich cultural heritage, and unique biodiversity, the country has struggled to attract sufficient tourist arrivals due to political instability and underdeveloped infrastructure. The tourism industry has not yet reached its full potential, and there is a need for a comprehensive development plan to guide its growth.

Main Points

1. Tourism Potential and Challenges

• Natural Assets: Comoros has pristine beaches, coral reefs, and unique ecosystems, making it a promising destination for ecotourism and nature-based tourism.
• Cultural Heritage: The islands have a strong Arab-Swahili identity and historical sites such as sultan palaces and medinas.
• Tourism Growth: Tourism arrivals have declined over the years, from 27,500 in 1998 to 17,500 in 2011, largely due to political unrest and insecurity.
• Low Visibility: Comoros is not well-known on the global tourism market and is marketed by a limited number of agencies.

2. Economic Contribution

• GDP Contribution: While official data is lacking, tourism's contribution to GDP is estimated at 6.1% in 2009, significantly lower than in neighboring destinations like Seychelles (25%) and Mauritius (8.3%).
• Tourism Receipts: Tourism receipts have grown over the years, almost doubling between 2003 and 2011, largely driven by VFR (Visiting Friends and Relatives) tourists.
• Job Creation: The tourism sector provides about 500 direct jobs, with a ratio of 0.99 jobs per lodging room. This is lower than the typical 3:1 ratio in more developed economies.

3. Tourism Offerings

• Grande Comore: The main island with the capital city, Moroni, and the only international airport (HAH). It has the most developed tourism infrastructure, but the tourism offering is still limited to basic and low-quality services.
• Mohéli: Known for its marine park (MMP) and potential for ecotourism. It receives an average of 390 tourists per year.
• Anjouan: Renowned for its ylang-ylang plantations and has a high population density, which raises environmental concerns.

4. Air Access and Connectivity

• Main Airport: HAH in Grande Comore is the only international airport, with a 2,900-meter runway that is still challenging for larger carriers.
• Inter-Island Air Transport: Limited to irregular flights operated by Inter Iles Air. Comores Aviation has ceased operations.
• Runway Length: Mohéli and Anjouan have shorter runways (1,300 meters) that only allow visual landings.
• Cruise and Yachting: Comoros is not included in major cruise itineraries due to political instability, inadequate port infrastructure, and unclear procedures for foreign boats.

5. Institutional Framework

• Public Sector: The Directorate General of Tourism and Hospitality (DNTH) is the main government body responsible for tourism.
• Parastatals: Includes the National Aviation Agency (ANACM) and other agencies.
• Private Sector: Limited, with private sector associations such as the Comorian Tourism Association (ACT) and the Association of Anjouan Tourism Professionals (APTA).
• Regional Integration: Comoros is part of regional initiatives like the Indian Ocean Commission (IOC), but the tourism sector has not fully leveraged these opportunities.

Key Recommendations

• Tourism Policy and Planning: Develop a national tourism development plan that outlines a clear strategy for each island.
• Institutional Capacity Building: Improve the capacity of both public and private institutions to manage and promote tourism effectively.
• Product Development: Diversify tourism offerings to include ecotourism, cultural tourism, and adventure activities.
• Destination Marketing: Enhance marketing efforts to increase visibility and attract more tourists, especially from niche markets.
• Infrastructure Development: Improve air and sea connectivity, especially between islands, to facilitate tourism growth.
• Investment in Hospitality: Focus on developing a critical mass of lodging entities, particularly in Mohéli, to support ecotourism.

Conclusion

The tourism sector in Comoros has significant potential but is hindered by political instability, inadequate infrastructure, and limited institutional capacity. A strategic and coordinated approach is essential to unlock this potential and create sustainable economic growth. The country needs to focus on developing its unique natural and cultural assets, improving market positioning, and enhancing connectivity to become a more competitive and attractive destination in the Indian Ocean region.