益普索-2019年全球网络调查报告（英文）-2019.10-214页_3mb

报告摘要

CIGI-IPSOS GLOBAL SURVEY: INTERNET SECURITY & TRUST (2019 PART 3)

Core Content Overview

This report from the CIGI-IPSOS Global Survey analyzes the global perception of social media, fake news, and algorithms in terms of their impact on communication, information access, political discourse, and trust in digital platforms. The survey was conducted in 25 economies across the globe, involving 25,229 internet users, with most data collected through online panels and some via face-to-face interviews in countries with limited online infrastructure.

Methodology

The survey was conducted between December 21st, 2018, and February 10th, 2019.
Online surveys were conducted in 21 economies, while face-to-face interviews were used in 4: Kenya, Nigeria, Pakistan, and Tunisia.
The average length of online interviews was ~10 minutes, while face-to-face interviews averaged ~20 minutes.
Each economy had ~1,000+ respondents, and the data was weighted to match the population.
The margin of error for online polls is ±3.5 percentage points, and for face-to-face interviews, ±3.1 percentage points (19 times out of 20).

Key Takeaways

1. Social Media and Information Access

Majorities in all economies believe social media has increased access to information.
In Kenya and Nigeria, up to 90% of citizens believe this.
Social media is seen as a positive tool for communication and information access, though mixed views exist on its impact on civility.

2. Fake News Perception

44% of global citizens admit to being duped by fake news at least sometimes.
Fake news is most prevalent on social media and the Internet, with less prevalence in mainstream media.
Facebook is the most cited platform for encountering fake news (67% globally), followed by social media in general (65%) and the Internet (60%).
YouTube is also a significant source, with 56% of global citizens reporting fake news content, and 69% in LATAM and 67% in BRICS.
Blogs are most commonly cited in LATAM (52%) as a source of fake news.

3. Responsibility for Fake News

Strong majorities globally (82%) believe social media platforms are responsible for spreading fake news.
Online trolls are also seen as a major contributor (81%).
Mainstream media is cited by 71%, while governments are seen as responsible by 68%.
Foreign governments are believed to be responsible by 71%, and international organizations by 66%.
Russia and China are most often blamed for the spread of fake news in their own economies, though the United States is seen as the most responsible for fake news in other economies.

4. Impact of Fake News

83% of global citizens believe fake news negatively impacts political discourse in their own economy.
82% believe it negatively impacts politics in other economies.
Fake news is seen as worsening political polarization, with 61% in the Middle East & Africa and 58% in LATAM reporting this effect.
In Russia, 60% think fake news has decreased government accountability, while in Poland and Japan, the opposite is true.

5. Algorithmic Trust and Transparency

Fewer than half (48%) of global citizens express confidence in the unbiasedness of algorithms.
Developed economies show less confidence in algorithmic neutrality.
Common reasons for lack of confidence include lack of transparency, perception of exploitation, and absence of human judgment.
Conversely, those who are confident cite objectivity, lack of human emotion, and absence of human influence.

Summary of Major Findings

Social Media Impact

Positive impact: Increased access to information (63%), improved freedom of expression (52%), and enhanced communication (57%).
Negative impact: Increased polarization (58%), decreased civility (24%), and increased distractions (55%).

Fake News Impact

Most prevalent on social media and the Internet, with Facebook as the leading platform.
Negative effects: On political discourse, economy, and personal privacy.
Trust in media: 2 in 5 (40%) now trust the media less due to fake news.

Responsibility for Fake News

Social media platforms and online trolls are the most frequently cited sources.
Government and foreign governments are also seen as responsible.
International organizations are believed to be at least somewhat responsible by 66%.

Algorithmic Trust

Lack of transparency and perceived bias are the main concerns.
Developed economies show less trust in algorithmic fairness.
Developing economies tend to have higher trust in algorithmic neutrality.

Key Regional Insights

LATAM: High levels of fake news exposure and trust in social media's impact on communication and privacy.
Middle East & Africa: Strong belief in fake news' negative impact on politics and civility.
BRICS: Increased fake news exposure on social media and video sharing sites.
Europe & G-8: Mixed views on fake news impact and lower exposure compared to developing regions.
Japan & Poland: Unique in perceiving fake news as improving personal privacy.

Conclusion

The survey highlights a global concern about the spread and impact of fake news, particularly on political discourse, freedom of expression, and personal privacy. While social media is widely seen as a tool for increased communication and information access, it is also perceived as a source of misinformation and polarization. Algorithms are viewed with distrust, especially due to lack of transparency and perceived bias. The United States is often cited as the most responsible for fake news in other economies, while Russia is seen as the main culprit within its own borders.