2006年-世界发展银行全球_Greater_Mekong_Sub-region_Options_for_the_Structure_of_the_GMS_Power_Trade_Market___A_First_Overview_of_Issues_and_Possible_Options_96页_1mb

报告摘要

Summary of ESMAP Technical Paper 108/06: Greater Mekong Sub-region Options for the Structure of the GMS Power Trade Market

Core Content

This ESMAP Technical Paper provides an overview of the issues and possible options for developing a regional power trade market in the Greater Mekong Sub-region (GMS), comprising Cambodia, Lao PDR, Myanmar, Thailand, Vietnam, and Yunnan Province of China. The report is part of a broader effort to support the establishment of a reliable, economic, and sustainable power market in the region, in line with the goals of the GMS Experts Group on Power Trade and Interconnection (EGP) and the Electric Power Forum (EPF).

The paper outlines a phased approach to developing the GMS power trade market, emphasizing the need for a gradual implementation that aligns with ongoing national reforms and infrastructure development. It also highlights the importance of institutional and regulatory frameworks in enabling regional cooperation and market efficiency.

Main Views and Key Information

Purpose of ESMAP

ESMAP is a global technical assistance program managed by the World Bank, supported by bilateral donors and the private sector.
Its mission is to promote energy's role in poverty reduction and economic growth in an environmentally responsible manner.
It focuses on energy security, renewable energy, energy poverty, and market efficiency and governance.

Governance and Operations

ESMAP is governed by a Consultative Group (CG) and advised by a Technical Advisory Group (TAG).
Activities are carried out by a team of engineers, energy planners, and economists from the World Bank and the broader energy and development community.

Funding

ESMAP is supported by the World Bank and official donors from several countries, including Belgium, Canada, Denmark, and the UK.
It also receives support from private donors and in-kind contributions from partners in the energy and development sector.

GMS Regional Power Trade Coordinating Committee (RPTCC)

The GMS Intergovernmental Agreement for Power Trade (IGA) was signed in November 2002 and entered into force in November 2003 after ratification by three of the six GMS countries.
The IGA establishes the institutional framework for power trade and authorizes implementation activities.
The RPTCC is tasked with managing the development of regional power trade, and its inception meeting is planned for early 2004.

Market Development Strategy

The development of a regional power market depends on the expansion of physical infrastructure, particularly generation and transmission.
A gradual approach is recommended, starting with small-scale bilateral trading and moving toward a more centralized regional market in the long term.
The report emphasizes the importance of harmonizing technical standards, operational procedures, and regulatory frameworks across GMS countries.

Key Benefits of a Regional Market

Attracting investment in generation, transmission, and distribution.
Enabling countries to export or import electricity to earn foreign currency or access lower-cost power.
Facilitating electrification through cross-border interconnectors and generating plants.
Sharing reserves and backup generating capacity to maintain system reliability at lower costs.
Learning from each other and adopting best regional practices during industry reforms.

Challenges and Risks

Legal, regulatory, and commercial risks remain for investors in the GMS regional market.
There is a lack of experience with international arbitration and contract enforcement, which may be addressed through ongoing harmonization efforts.
Transmission pricing and non-discriminatory access are not yet established in most GMS countries.

Next Steps

Conduct a more detailed study of the regulatory and institutional framework for the market.
Develop "pro forma" formulations for Power Purchase Agreements (PPAs), including provisions for renegotiation, termination, and risk management.
Create a GMS power trade website to serve as a platform for cooperation, information exchange, and learning.
Develop technical guidelines for design, communication, and operations.
Inventory existing or planned transmission lines to enable small-scale trade within the next two years.
Identify priority projects for donor support and organize a business forum to promote investment in generation and transmission.

Structure of the Report

The report is divided into five main sections:

Introduction – Provides background on the GMS power trade initiative and the study's objectives.
Issues Related to the Current Situation – Discusses transmission, industry structure, market, and regulatory challenges.
Possible Options and Requirements for the Intermediate Term – Outlines assumptions, principles, and key elements of market development.
Recommendations for Intermediate-term Decisions – Suggests steps to be taken by the RPTCC and its working groups.
Options for Long-term Trading in the GMS Region – Briefly outlines long-term market development possibilities.

Conclusion

The GMS countries have expressed strong support for the development of a regional power market.
A gradual, structured approach is recommended to ensure the market develops in line with national reforms and infrastructure progress.
The establishment of the RPTCC and the development of a common regulatory and institutional framework are critical for the success of the regional power trade market.
The report serves as a foundation for further technical assistance and policy development in the GMS region.

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