联合国贸易发展委员会-嘲笑外国直接投资_政治风险保险（英）-2025.2_17页_800kb

Summary of Investment Policy Monitor #30 – February 2025

Climate Change and Global Risks: Climate change, geopolitical tensions, supply chain disruptions, and the COVID-19 pandemic amplify investment risks, particularly in structurally weak countries. This widens the SDG financing gap, with an annual investment need of $4 trillion by 2030 for developing countries. FDI is crucial but declining in least developed countries (LDCs), while public resources alone are insufficient.

Role of PRI in Derisking: Political risk insurance (PRI) is a key derisking tool that facilitates private investment, especially in LDCs, by protecting against political risks like expropriation or currency restrictions. ECAs are primary providers (78% of issuance from 2014-2023), with Asia being the largest beneficiary and sector. LDCs have low coverage but high PRI-to-FDI reliance (28% vs. 6% in developing countries), indicating its critical role in vulnerable economies.

Market Providers and Beneficiaries: ECAs dominate PRI issuance, providing 74% of new cover and accounting for 70% of projects. Multilateral institutions' share rose from 3% to 8%, with MIGA doubling its PRI to LDCs. LDCs account for 15% of insured projects but 28% of FDI shielded by PRI. Higher-income developing countries show a declining PRI share, while renewable energy has only 4% coverage, contrasting with fossil fuels.

Sectoral and Geographical Distribution: Manufacturing, infrastructure, and natural resources receive the most PRI (49% combined). Renewable energy is underrepresented (4%). Geographically, Asia is a top beneficiary, Africa relies on multilateral institutions, and renewable energy lagged despite climate commitments.

Challenges and Recommendations: PRI coverage is uneven, with gaps in critical sectors like renewable energy and underserved LDCs. Bridging the financing gap requires expanded PRI for SDG-related investments through collaboration, innovation, and blended finance. This report supports UNCTAD's research on enhancing PRI's contribution to Sustainable Development Goals.