战略与国际研究中心-Survey-Findings_48页_1mb

报告摘要

Summary of "VIEWS FROM AROUND THE GLOBE: COUNTERING VIOLENT EXTREMISM" Survey

Core Content

The CSIS Commission on Countering Violent Extremism survey, conducted by National Research Group in 2016, gathered insights from 8,000 individuals aged 18-75 in the U.S., U.K., France, India, China, Turkey, Egypt, and Indonesia. The survey aimed to understand public perceptions of violent extremism, its causes, and potential countermeasures across different regions and demographics.

Main Findings

Perception of Violent Extremism

Terrorism is the number one global issue, with France and Turkey viewing it as the top concern.
Violent extremism is seen as a major problem in two-thirds of the surveyed population.
At least three-quarters of respondents in all countries except China expect an attack within the next year.
France shows the highest concern regarding the likelihood of extremists acquiring and using WMDs.
82% of respondents believe the threat of violent extremism is increasing globally.

Behavior Changes

At least 30% of respondents in Turkey, China, India, Indonesia, and Egypt have changed their behavior due to concerns about violent extremism.
Public gatherings, airports, and public transportation are the most commonly avoided activities.
Personal experience with violent extremism is relatively rare, with only 26% globally and 15-39% in individual countries reporting such experiences.

Internet and Social Media

The internet is widely seen as a tool for extremist propaganda.
6 of 8 countries believe violent extremists are successfully using the internet.
China and Indonesia are split on whether the internet is adequately policed.
75% globally think social media can be used for positive messaging, though lower percentages in Western countries.

Causes of Violent Extremism

Religious fundamentalism is the primary cause of violent extremism in all countries except Turkey and Egypt.
Secondary causes include poverty, human rights abuses, and foreign military actions.
Anti-Western sentiment and active recruitment are seen as key factors in Western countries.

Government and International Response

Majorities in Turkey, France, and the U.S. believe their governments have taken inadequate steps to counter violent extremism.
82% globally think the international community is not doing enough.
Military action is seen as the most effective solution in France, the U.S., and the U.K., with Indonesia and India supporting a mix of approaches.

Preferred Countermeasures

ID cards and education are the most preferred measures to counter violent extremism.
Restricting movement within the E.U. is a popular option in France, the U.K., and the U.S..
Targeted and prolonged information campaigns are seen as effective by majorities globally, even in Western countries.
Religious schools are seen as both a risk and a solution, with 4 out of 5 globally considering them important in countering extremism.

Credible Messengers

Cultural influencers are seen as credible messengers in most countries, with two-thirds in China and India agreeing.
Religious leaders are the most credible messengers globally, with high support in Indonesia and Egypt.
Social media is considered a potential platform for countering extremist messages, with images of extremists' actions being the most effective.

Integration and Refugee Policies

Western countries are skeptical about the positive impact of refugee integration on countering radicalization.
However, majorities in all countries agree that governments should do more to integrate immigrants.

Attitudes Toward Religion

Religion is central to the lives of many in Muslim-majority countries, with 71-73% in Egypt and Indonesia identifying as very religious.
Religious schools are seen as important in countering violent extremism, with 4 out of 5 globally recognizing their role.
In India and the U.S., religion is also important, though less so in China.
Muslim identification is low in non-Muslim-majority countries, with only 1% in the U.S. and 4% in India identifying as Muslim.

Key Takeaways

Terrorism is a major global concern, with France and Turkey being the most affected.
Public behavior is significantly influenced by concerns about violent extremism.
Military action is widely perceived as effective, though Muslim-majority countries advocate for nuanced strategies.
Religious leaders and cultural influencers are seen as credible messengers in countering extremist narratives.
Social media is seen as a double-edged sword, contributing to the spread of extremism but also being a potential tool for counter-narratives.
Integration of immigrants is generally supported, even if skeptical about its role in deterring radicalization.
Religious schools are seen as important in both promoting and countering extremism.