世界银行-保加利亚循环经济干预的诊断分析（英）-2023-85页_13mb

Circular Economy Analysis for Bulgaria: Report Summary

1. Introduction and Objectives

This report analyzes the circular economy (CE) context in Bulgaria to identify priority areas, challenges, and opportunities. The primary objectives are:

• To assess Bulgaria's current CE status and performance.
• To identify barriers and enabling factors.
• To propose specific interventions aligned with EU and national policies.

2. Methodology

The study employed a multifaceted approach, including:

• A review of relevant EU and national literature on CE.
• Stakeholder consultations with 44 entities, including ministries, municipalities, NGOs, and business associations.
• A survey of 200 municipalities, yielding 35 responses.
• Two focus groups: one on industrial symbiosis at regional/local levels and another on plastics and marine litter.
• Updates based on data reviews in September 2022 and August 2023.

3. Progress Toward Circular Economy

Bulgaria's CE performance is characterized by:

• Strengths: Adoption of a national CE Strategy (2022) and SME Strategy (2021), some recycling successes (e.g., plastic packaging), and alignment with EU policies.
• Weaknesses: Low circular material use rate (4.9% in 2021), high waste generation (over 16,785 kg per capita in 2020), poor eco-innovation performance (last in EU Eco-Innovation Scoreboard), and limited industrial symbiosis awareness.
• Key Challenges: Weak legislation enforcement, insufficient collaboration among institutions, and funding gaps (€65 million annual deficit in waste management investments).

4. Strategic and Legal Framework

EU policies underscore CE thrusts like the European Green Deal, Circular Economy Action Plan, and Plastics Strategy. Bulgaria's national legal framework, including the CE Strategy and Waste Management Act, supports these, but implementation is inconsistent due to administrative barriers and weak enforcement.

5. Recommendations and Proposed Interventions

Four priority interventions, based on stakeholder feedback and country context, are:

• Enterprises Connected for Industrial Symbiosis: Launch a pilot program in key regions to promote waste reduction and resource reuse.
• Plastic-Free Black Sea Coast: Address marine litter by enhancing EPR systems, promoting reusable alternatives, and raising awareness in coastal tourism.
• Scaling Up Reuse and Recycling of Construction and Demolition Waste (CDW): Implement waste audits and sustainable construction practices.
• Establishing Municipal Reuse and Repair Centers: Create centers to support job creation and material reuse at local levels.
  These are complemented by two horizontal measures: developing a local CE strategy and launching a national CE platform.

6. Conclusion

Bulgaria faces significant barriers to a full CE transition but has strong enabling factors, including strategic alignment with EU goals and funding availability. Accelerating progress requires legislative reforms, better enforcement, enhanced municipal capacity, and robust stakeholder engagement.