世界银行-佛得角循环经济诊断_2024年9月（英）_66页_18mb

CABO VERDE CIRCULAR ECONOMY REPORT SUMMARY

Core Content

This report provides a comprehensive analysis of the circular economy (CE) opportunities within Cabo Verde's tourism sector, identifying key gaps and proposing actionable initiatives to enhance sustainability and resilience. It is part of a broader study on circular and resilient tourism in small islands and coastal destinations, involving Cabo Verde, The Gambia, and São Tomé & Príncipe. The report outlines the current state of infrastructure systems—materials and waste, energy, and water—and their implications for the tourism sector. It also presents the results of stakeholder interviews and online surveys, along with financial and policy assessments of high-priority CE initiatives.

Main Views and Key Findings

Tourism Sector Overview

• Tourism contributes nearly 25% of Cabo Verde's GDP, with all-inclusive hotels and resorts accounting for 90% of visitor accommodations.
• The sector's growth is constrained by limited transport connectivity between islands, especially for inter-island travel, which hampers the development of multi-island tourism circuits.
• The National Tourism Strategy (GO-PEDS) and other sector-specific plans emphasize the integration of CE and sustainability into tourism development.

Circular Economy Gap Analysis

• The report identifies critical gaps in the current CE infrastructure, particularly in waste management, energy, and water systems.
• Waste Management: Relies on small, uncontrolled dumpsites; needs transition to municipal sanitary landfills and improved segregation and recycling systems.
• Energy: Heavy reliance on oil imports (84% of energy supply), with only 16% from renewable sources. Despite ambitions to reach 50% by 2030, current wind and solar contributions are minimal.
• Water: Water scarcity is a major issue due to climate change and rising sea levels. Desalination provides 80% of the water supply but is energy-intensive and costly. Opportunities exist in rainwater harvesting, upgraded water treatment, and better groundwater management.

Circular Economy Initiative Shortlisting

The report presents a Multi-Criteria Analysis (MCA) that prioritizes CE initiatives based on effectiveness, feasibility, and potential for financial and technical viability. The top five initiatives are:

1. Materials Recovery - Reuse and Recycling Facilities
2. Waste Stream Collection and Segregation
3. Circularity in Tourism Development Zones (ZDTI)
4. Packaging Reuse and Single-Use Plastic Alternatives
5. Plastic Waste to Construction Materials

High-Priority Business Cases

Two CE initiatives have been selected for detailed development:

1. Integrated Waste Management Facility (IWMF) in Sal Island

• Objective: Establish sorting, recycling, composting, and community education facilities.
• Recycling Target: 40% by 2035.
• Organic Waste Recovery: 25% for composting by 2035.
• Financials: Capital expenditure of USD 3.23 million; annual revenue expected to exceed USD 1 million by 2023.
• ROI and IRR: 35% ROI and 14% IRR, with breakeven expected by 2030.
• Key Factors: Sensitive to discount rates, recovery rates, and market prices for recyclables.

2. Reverse Logistics System for Plastic Bottles

• Objective: Develop a reverse logistics system in response to the upcoming ban on single-use plastics (SUPs) under Law 22/X/2023.
• Plastic Reduction Targets:
  • Replace 45% of bottled water demand for bottles under 0.5L.
  • Replace 30% of bottled water demand for bottles between 0.5L and 1.5L.
• Annual Plastic Waste Diversion: 170 tons from landfills.
• Recycling Rate: 100% for spent 19L bottles by 2035.
• Financials: ROI of 42%, IRR of 12%, breakeven expected by 2028.
• Success Factors: Policy support, institutional collaboration, and public-private partnerships (PPPs).

Institutional and Regulatory Recommendations

The report emphasizes the need for a Circular Economy Governance Framework and regulatory reforms to support CE and sustainable tourism.

Key Regulatory Reforms

1. Implementation of Law 22/X/2023: Ban on certain single-use plastics and funding for waste management services.

   • Includes enhancing the Ecotax Law 17/VIII/2012.
   • Technical assistance for municipalities.
   • Collaboration between government, civil society, and private sector.
   • Development of labeling and traceability systems.

2. Integrate Circular Infrastructure into ZDTI:

   • Guidelines for ZDTI development focusing on regenerative tourism, resource use, community involvement, and environmental resilience.
   • Strategic investment needs and development pipelines.
   • Institutional strengthening and capacity building.
   • Advocacy for strategic infrastructure financing mechanisms like framework loans and PPPs.

General Barriers and Enablers

Barriers

• Financial: High initial costs, limited access to financing.
• Logistical: Limited local sourcing of sustainable materials.
• Policy: Inadequate regulatory support, lack of institutional capacity.
• Technological: Limited access to sustainable technologies.

Enablers

• Stakeholder Engagement: Strong interest from tourism businesses in adopting sustainable practices.
• Market Potential: High potential for CE products like in-vessel composting, greywater recycling, and large water dispensers.
• Policy Support: Existing national strategies (GO-PEDS, NDC Update) and upcoming laws (Law 22/X/2023) provide a foundation for CE initiatives.

Investment Opportunities

• Waste Reduction Measures: Refillable toiletries, composting, and waste segregation.
• Renewable Energy: Solar PV systems, solar water heating.
• Water Efficiency: Rainwater harvesting, improved water treatment, and groundwater replenishment.
• Sustainable Construction: Use of recycled materials from plastic waste.
• Sustainable Tourism Standards: Development of GSTC-accredited standards for hotels and destinations.

Conclusion and Next Steps

The report concludes that circular economy interventions offer substantial potential for enhancing sustainability and economic resilience in Cabo Verde's tourism sector. It recommends the following next steps:

• Enhancing financial aid and tax incentives.
• Prioritizing local sourcing of sustainable materials.
• Strengthening policy frameworks and regulatory support.
• Formalizing CE commitments through accreditation and institutionalization.
• Implementing the proposed roadmap for CE initiatives.

These actions are critical to achieving the goals outlined in the National Tourism Strategy and the 2020 NDC Update, ensuring that Cabo Verde transitions to a more sustainable and circular tourism model.