2017中国建筑能源利用（英文版）_88页_4mb

Summary of China Building Energy Use 2017

Core Content

This document provides a comprehensive overview of China's building energy use in 2017, highlighting the role of the Building Energy Research Center of Tsinghua University (BERC) in analyzing and promoting energy efficiency in the building sector. It outlines the current status, trends, and challenges in building energy consumption, as well as the policies and standards aimed at reducing energy use and promoting sustainable development.

Main Viewpoints

• China's Building Sector Significance: China's building sector is a major contributor to the country's energy consumption, with the sector's energy use increasing significantly since 2001. It plays a crucial role in the nation's overall energy strategy.
• Energy Consumption Trends: From 2001 to 2015, both primary energy consumption and electricity consumption in the building sector increased by over 200%. The total commercial energy consumption in 2015 was 864 Mtce, accounting for 20% of the country's total energy use.
• Subsector Breakdown: China's building energy use is categorized into four subsectors:
  • Northern Urban Heating (NUH): Accounted for 22% of total commercial energy use in 2015, with a 36% decrease in energy intensity due to improved building envelopes and heating systems.
  • Public and Commercial (P&C) Buildings (excluding NUH): Consumed 260 Mtce in 2015, representing 30% of total commercial energy use.
  • Urban Residential (UR) Buildings (excluding NUH): Consumed 199 Mtce in 2015, with a nearly threefold increase since 2001.
  • Rural Residential (RR) Buildings: Consumed 213 Mtce in 2015, with a significant reduction in biomass use from 232 Mtce in 2001 to 100 Mtce in 2015.
• Energy Use by End-Uses: In urban residential buildings, energy use is divided into six end-uses:
  • Space Heating: 17.53 Mtce (9% of total UR energy use), growing rapidly.
  • Space Cooling: 74.5 TWh (12% of total UR energy use), with high energy intensity.
  • Water Heating: 27.9 Mtce (14% of total UR energy use), with solar water heaters reducing energy demand.
  • Cooking: 57.6 Mtce (29% of total UR energy use), with a decline in cooking frequency in big cities.
  • Lighting: 98.4 TWh (16% of total UR energy use), with increased efficiency of lighting technology.
  • Appliances: 127.9 TWh (20% of total UR energy use), with a need for further efficiency improvements and reduced standby consumption.
• Energy Intensity and Growth: Urban residential energy use per capita increased from 19.8 m² to 28.4 m², and total energy consumption in this sector tripled from 2001 to 2015.
• Policy and Standards: In December 2016, the first national standard for building energy consumption was introduced by the Ministry of Housing and Urban-Rural Development (MOHURD). This standard marks a shift from technical measures to data-oriented energy management, setting specific energy use intensity limits for buildings.
• Future Goals: The target for China's building energy consumption is set at 1100 Mtce, with a focus on achieving energy efficiency through green lifestyles and suitable technologies.
• Embodied Energy: Embodied energy for buildings and infrastructure accounted for 27% of China's total primary energy consumption in 2014, with 94% of that energy used in the production of construction materials such as steel, cement, and aluminum.

Key Information

• Total Primary Energy Consumption (2015): 4.30 billion tce.
• Total Building Commercial Energy Consumption (2015): 864 Mtce.
• Total Biomass Energy Consumption (2015): 100 Mtce.
• Total Primary Energy Consumption (2015, including commercial and biomass): 964 Mtce.
• Total Floor Area (2015): 57.3 billion m².
• Urban Residential Floor Area (2015): 21.9 billion m².
• Rural Residential Floor Area (2015): 23.8 billion m².
• Public and Commercial Floor Area (2015): 11.6 billion m².
• Urbanisation Rate (2015): 56.1%, with a target of 60% by 2020.
• Energy Consumption by Subsector:
  • NUH: 191 Mtce (22% of total commercial energy use).
  • P&C (excluding NUH): 260 Mtce (30% of total commercial energy use).
  • UR (excluding NUH): 199 Mtce (23% of total commercial energy use).
  • RR: 213 Mtce (25% of total building energy use).
• Energy Use Intensity (2015):
  • UR (excluding NUH): 384 Mtce for 350 million households.
  • Lighting: 4.5 kWh/m².
  • Cooking: 211 kgce/hh.
  • Appliances: 470 kWh/hh.
• Supporting Policies: The report was supported by the U.S.-China Clean Energy Research Center for Building Energy Efficiency and includes contributions from international experts.

Structure and Methodology

• The document is structured into sections such as Executive Summary, Introduction, China's Building Energy Use, Urban Residential Buildings Energy Use, and Building Energy Standards.
• The China Building Energy Model (CBEM) is used as the primary tool for analyzing energy consumption, with detailed methodology provided in Annex A.
• Data Sources: The report includes a wide range of data, including energy consumption by end-use, energy intensity metrics, and population and urbanization trends.
• Case Studies and Surveys: Data from the Urban Household Energy Consumption Survey (UHECS) and other household-level surveys are used to understand energy use patterns and consumer behavior.

Conclusion

The document emphasizes the need for a long-term, data-driven approach to building energy conservation, involving continuous research, policy development, and public engagement. It outlines the importance of energy efficiency in the building sector for achieving national and global sustainability goals and highlights the role of the BERC in leading this effort. The release of an English version of the report also aims to share China's experiences and best practices with the international community.