2016年-世界发展银行全球_The_Lake_Chad_Development_and_Climate_Resilience_Action_Plan_78页_4mb

Summary of Lake Chad Development and Climate Resilience Action Plan

Core Content

The Lake Chad Development and Climate Resilience Action Plan (PADLT) is a strategic initiative developed by the Lake Chad Basin Commission (LCBC) in collaboration with its member countries (Cameroon, Central African Republic, Chad, Libya, Niger, and Nigeria) and supported by the World Bank and French Development Agency (AFD). The Plan was finalized in November 2015 and aims to enhance regional development, food security, employment, and social inclusion, while increasing climate resilience in the Lake Chad Basin. It is designed for the 2016–2025 period and is aligned with previous LCBC strategic documents such as the Vision 2025, Strategic Action Plan, and Water Charter.

Main Focus and Orientation

• Goal: Transform Lake Chad into a rural hub for regional development by improving the living conditions of populations living on its banks and islands.
• Priority: Enhance resilience against climate change, demographic growth, and political instability.
• Approach: A multi-faceted strategy that includes both short-term emergency actions and long-term development projects.
• Scope: Encompasses the entire Lake Chad Basin, with a focus on ecosystem services, socio-economic activities, and natural resource governance.

Key Themes and Projects

The Plan outlines seven priority themes to guide investment and action:

1. Supporting Producers and Their Value Chains

   • Increase food production and employment.
   • Enhance agricultural and livestock productivity.

2. Securing Access to Natural Resources and Managing Conflicts

   • Ensure equitable resource access.
   • Reduce conflicts over water and land use.

3. Improving Living Conditions through Public Investments

   • Address lack of basic services (health, education, sanitation).
   • Enhance access to infrastructure and basic needs.

4. Facilitating Transport and Trade

   • Improve logistics and connectivity in the region.
   • Increase economic value of agricultural products.

5. Preserving the Environmental Capital of the Lake

   • Protect biodiversity and ecosystem services.
   • Reduce environmental degradation and pollution.

6. Better Managing and Protecting Water Resources of the Basin

   • Improve water governance and resource management.
   • Address water scarcity and pollution risks from agriculture, industry, and oil sectors.

7. Disseminating Information, Improving Knowledge, and Monitoring the Environment

   • Strengthen data collection and information sharing.
   • Support participatory governance and stakeholder engagement.

Investment Breakdown

• Total Estimated Cost: 916 million Euros.

• Investments by Priority Area:

  • Supporting producers and value chains.
  • Securing access to resources and managing conflicts.
  • Improving living conditions.
  • Facilitating transport and trade.
  • Environmental preservation.
  • Water resource management.
  • Information dissemination and monitoring.

• Investments by Country:

  • Cameroon, Chad, Niger, Nigeria, Central African Republic, and Libya are all involved in the implementation.
  • Each country is expected to contribute to sectoral and regional projects.

• Investments by Geographic Area:

  • Focus on Lake Chad's banks, islands, and surrounding hinterlands.
  • Emphasis on the entire basin, including hydrological and ecological processes.

Key Findings from the Diagnostic

• Hydrological Variability: Lake Chad has experienced significant fluctuations in surface area and water level, with a reduction of nearly 70% between 1950–1960 and 2000–2015.
• Current State: The Lake is currently in the "Small Lake Chad" phase, characterized by limited water inflows, shallow depth, and high vulnerability to climate change and population pressure.
• Ecosystem Services: The Lake provides crucial ecosystem services in a sahelo-saharan environment, supporting fisheries, agriculture, and livestock.
• Population and Employment: The Lake's banks and islands host nearly 2 million people, and the region is a food-exporting and employment-providing hub for 47 million people in the entire basin.
• Climate Change Impact: Rising temperatures and increased water demand are expected to negatively affect Lake Chad's water inflows, especially from the Chari-Logone River.
• Geopolitical Challenges: The region is politically unstable, with Boko Haram-related violence causing displacement and economic disruption.
• Need for Regional Cooperation: The LCBC and its member states must coordinate to manage water resources, conflicts, and climate risks.

Methodology

• The Plan is based on scientific data from the LCBC-IRD Expert Group Review (2014) and national consultations.
• A three-stage approach was used to develop the Plan, including:
  • Diagnostic phase: Analysis of hydrology, ecology, and socio-economic conditions.
  • Priority setting: Based on scientific findings, stakeholder input, and strategic alignment.
  • Implementation planning: Consideration of institutional capacity, financing, and timeframes.

Conclusion

The Lake Chad Action Plan is a comprehensive strategy that integrates development, climate resilience, and conflict mitigation. It is a critical tool for sustainable regional development, food security, and social stability in a highly vulnerable and resource-dependent area. The success of the Plan depends on continued institutional support, coordinated regional efforts, and effective implementation.