战略与国际研究中心-Accelerating-Health-Innovation-in-India_3页_268kb

报告摘要

Summary of "Two Years in the Defining Partnership of the 21st Century"

Core Content

This document outlines the significant developments and achievements in the U.S.-India partnership over a two-year period, highlighting progress in commercial, people-to-people, government-to-government, and strategic cooperation. It emphasizes the growing economic, diplomatic, and technological ties between the two nations, positioning them as key global partners in various critical areas.

Main Commercial Gains

Trade Volume: Two-way trade reached a record $109 billion, a fivefold increase from a decade earlier.
Employment: Over 500 U.S. companies operate in India, employing more than 1 million Indians. Conversely, over 200 Indian companies are active in the U.S., employing hundreds of thousands.
FDI: Indian Foreign Direct Investment (FDI) in the U.S. reached its highest level ever.
Strategic Dialogue: The first-ever Strategic and Commercial Dialogue was held in 2015 and again in 2016.
Business Improvements: Key CEO Forum recommendations were implemented to enhance the ease of doing business.
Commercial Deals: Billions of dollars in long-pending commercial deals were finalized in sectors such as locomotives, aerospace, defense, energy, and infrastructure.
New Initiatives: Launched programs in Smart Cities and Travel and Tourism.
Global Entrepreneurship Summit: Co-hosted the Global Entrepreneurship Summit in India in 2017.
Agricultural Trade: Annual bilateral trade in agricultural goods exceeded $5 billion.
Tax Certainty: Over 100 old tax transfer pricing cases were cleared, and a bilateral advance pricing agreement was signed.
FATCA Compliance: India became a signatory to the Foreign Account Tax Compliance Act (FATCA) to combat tax evasion.
Ease of Doing Business: Made progress in improving the business environment, including better intellectual property protection and enforcement.

People-to-People Ties and Outreach

Visa Issuance: Over 1.1 million visas were issued to Indians traveling to the U.S., a record high.
Travel Numbers: More than 1.2 million Americans traveled to India, also a record.
Global Entry: Advocated for India's participation in the Global Entry program to facilitate travel for trusted individuals.
Student Exchange: Set a record for Indian students in the U.S., with 166,000 students, a 20% increase from the previous year.
Consulate Expansion: Agreed to build a new Indian consulate in Seattle and a new U.S. consulate in India.
Diplomatic Outreach: The U.S. Ambassador visited all 29 Indian states, delivering speeches and engaging in over 100 public events.
Social Media Presence: Dramatically increased outreach on social media platforms, with over 3.7 million Facebook and 171,000 Twitter followers across India and the U.S. consulates.

Government-to-Government Ties

Leadership Engagement: Unprecedented nine meetings took place between President Obama and Prime Minister Modi.
High-Level Dialogues: Over 40 Government-to-Government dialogues were conducted at the Assistant Secretary level or higher.
Initiatives from Summits: Over 100 new initiatives emerged from three summits between the U.S. and India.
Cultural Exchange: PM Modi addressed a joint session of Congress, and President Obama was the Chief Guest at India's Republic Day parade.

Clean Energy, Climate, Science and Health

Climate Leadership: Both nations led in concluding the Paris Climate Agreement.
Clean Energy Programs: Launched several clean energy finance programs to support India's clean energy goals.
Nuclear Cooperation: Broke through longstanding barriers to civil nuclear cooperation, enabling the largest civil nuclear deal ever, which will provide power to 60 million people and create jobs.
HFC Agreement: Supported a new agreement under the Montreal Protocol to combat HFC gases.
Mission Innovation: Committed to doubling clean energy spending in the Mission Innovation initiative.
Innovation Support: Created a new program to recognize and fund clean energy innovators.
Health Initiatives: Moved forward on a program to end tuberculosis in India and launched disease detection and surveillance programs under the Global Health Security Initiative.
Air Pollution Awareness: Raised awareness of air pollution as a public health and development challenge.
Scientific Collaboration: Partnered in fundamental physics research to support the construction of LIGO in India.

Strategic, Defense and Security Ties

Defense Sales: Defense trade exceeded $15 billion.
Pending Deals: Closed long-pending deals for howitzers, attack helicopters, transport helicopters, and surveillance aircraft.
Military Exercises: Increased the number and complexity of military exercises with India, the most extensive with any nation.
Defense Technology: Established seven new Defense Technology and Trade Working Groups and advanced pathfinder projects, including the development of advanced vertical lift helicopters and future ground combat vehicles.
Logistics Agreement: Signed the Logistics Exchange Memorandum of Agreement (LEMA) to enhance military cooperation.
Major Defense Partner Status: India was designated a Major Defense Partner, facilitating technology transfer.
Strategic Vision: Agreed on a U.S.-India Joint Strategic Vision for the Asia-Pacific and Indian Ocean Region.
Trilateral Dialogue: Revived the U.S.-India-Afghanistan Trilateral Dialogue.
Export Control Regimes: Supported India's entry into multilateral export control regimes.
Intelligence Sharing: Signed a comprehensive intelligence sharing agreement (HSPD-6) to improve homeland security.
Global Partnerships: Jointly trained UN Peacekeepers, Afghan women entrepreneurs, and African farmers, expanding the global impact of U.S.-India collaboration.
Cyber Security Cooperation: Signed a new agreement on Cyber Security and renewed efforts to combat cyber threats.
Space Cooperation: Deepened space collaboration, including support for India's Mars mission and research on atmospheric hazards and global environmental change.
Historical Recovery Missions: Resumed recovery missions for missing WWII servicemen in Northeast India, with several missions already conducted and more planned.