2022-11-17-世界卫生组织-Oral_Health_Cuba_2022_country_profile_2页_661kb

Cuba Oral Health Country Profile Summary

This report analyzes Cuba's oral health situation based on the provided Country Profile. Key findings include high prevalence of oral diseases, a responsive national health system with policies and resources, identified risk factors such as tobacco and sugar consumption, and significant economic impacts. Below is a concise summary of the main points, extracted from the data.

1. Oral Disease Burden
High rates of untreated caries and periodontal disease are evident:

• Untreated caries in children 1-9 years: 45.2% of the population.
• Untreated caries in people 5+ years: 33.4% prevalence.
• Severe periodontal disease in people 15+: 26.0% affected.
• Edentulism in people 20+: 11.0% with complete tooth loss.
• Lip and oral cavity cancer incidences: 302,782 new female cases and 1,084 new male cases between 2014-2019, averaging about 5.2 new cases per 100,000 population annually.

2. National Health System Response

• A national oral health policy exists (operational or drafting stage).
• Specialized staff are dedicated to oral health, particularly for non-communicable diseases (NCDs).
• Procedures are available for early detection, urgent care, and basic restorative treatments in primary health facilities.
• Oral health interventions are included in health benefit packages, covering routine, essential, advanced, and rehabilitative care.
• Sugar-sweetened beverage tax is not implemented.

3. Risk Factors

• Tobacco use: Affects 18.7% of the 15+ years group, with higher male prevalence.
• Sugar consumption: 141.0 g per capita per day.
• Alcohol consumption: Average 6.3 liters of pure alcohol per capita per year for 15+.
• These factors contribute to increased oral disease burden.

4. Economic Impact

• Total dental healthcare expenditure in 2019: $304 million.
• Per capita expenditure: $27.
• Productivity losses from oral diseases: $467 million in 2019.
• Fluoride toothpaste affordability varies; most is accessible but depends on labor wages.
• The largest government health financing scheme covers 100% of the population.

In conclusion, Cuba faces substantial oral health challenges but has a structured system with policies and workforce to address them, though economic constraints and risk factors persist. Lip and oral cavity cancer and severe periodontal disease are major concerns, requiring continued focus on prevention and resource allocation.