2011-12-31-世界卫生组织-2012_STEPS_Country_Report_Cayman_Islands_88页_6mb

<h1>Cayman Islands Non-Communicable Diseases STEPS Risk Factor Survey (2012)</h1>

<h2>Overview</h2>
<p>The STEPS survey was the first population-based risk factor survey in the Cayman Islands, conducted among adults aged 25-64 years. It aimed to provide baseline data for developing interventions to combat the rising prevalence of non-communicable diseases (NCDs), which account for a significant portion of mortality and morbidity.</p>

<h2>Key Findings</h2>
<p class="style-1">Behavioral Risk</p>
<ul>
<li>Approximately <span class="highlight">15%</span> of the population (higher in men) currently smoke tobacco, with many being daily smokers (67%). Children <span class="highlight">missed</span> or reduced biological risk factors.</li>
<li>High alcohol consumption prevalence was observed among men. <span class="highlight">Heavy episodic drinking</span> affects both sexes.</li>
<li>Participants consumed fruits and vegetables most days, but serving sizes were often <span class="highlight">below recommended levels</span> (fruit: avg. 1.4 servings/day, vegetable: 1.5).</li>
<li>Nearly half (<span class="highlight">44%</span>) engage in insufficient physical activity, with a stark gender disparity (<span class="highlight">62%</span> for men vs. <span class="highlight">34%</span> for women).</li>
</ul>
<p class="style-1">Biological Indicators & Social Determinants</p>
<ul>
<li>Over <span class="highlight">70%</span> of adults are classified as overweight (BMI >=25), with almost one-third (36%) being obese (BMI >=30). The overall prevalence of being overweight or obese is <span class="highlight">71%</span>.</li>
<li>About <span class="highlight">15.8%</span> of adults report hypertension but are not on medication. High blood pressure prevalence <span class="highlight">increases with age</span>.</li>
<li>Dietary awareness is generally limited, with <span class="highlight">only half</span> concerned about sodium and <span class="highlight">even fewer</span> practicing salt control.</li>
</ul>

<h2>Action Plan for Chronic NCDs</h2>
<ul>
<li><strong>Implementation/Policies</strong>: Ensure full execution of the <span class="highlight">Tobacco Law</span>, enforce mandatory school/stakeholder physical activity, integrate fruit/vegetable taxes, and engage multiple sectors (<span class="highlight">insurance</span>, budget-holders, civil society, and schools).</li>
<li><strong>Interventions</strong>: Support evidence-based programs like <span class="highlight">smoking cessation</span>, <span class="highlight">screenings for key conditions</span>, periodic health promotion campaigns, workplace wellness initiatives, and ensure regular health services provided.</li>
<li><strong>Research Needs</strong>: Conduct further investigations into social determinants of health and consider supplementing data with <span class="highlight">Step 3 (blood tests)</span> for more complete biological hazard profiles.</li>
</ul>

<h2>Conclusion</h2>
<p>Urgent and multi-pronged action is required from policy, education, and fiscal angles to address the identified modifiable behavioral, biological, and social factors driving chronic diseases in the Cayman Islands population.</p>