2008年-世界发展银行全球_Rapid_Youth_Assessment_in_Port_Moresby_Papua_New_Guinea_93页_1mb

Rapid Youth Assessment in Port Moresby, Papua New Guinea

I. Introduction

I.A. Background

• Crime and violence are widespread in Port Moresby and the National Capital District (NCD), with high rates of victimization and significant economic costs.
• In 2004, 68% of households reported being victims of crime, and by 2005, this rate remained high at 61%.
• Young people, especially males, are heavily involved in criminal activities, with 36% of surveyed youth aged 15–35 admitting to committing an offence that could lead to arrest.
• The report was prepared under contract to the World Bank and with the assistance of the Government of Papua New Guinea, based on consultations with over 100 young people, their families, community leaders, and international representatives.

I.B. A Definition of Youth

• The United Nations defines youth as individuals aged 15–24.
• The National Youth Policy expands this to 12–25 years.
• This report defines youth broadly as those aged 12–30, reflecting the general understanding of participants in the assessment.
• Youth includes both men and women, though the report notes that gender influences outcomes, with males more likely to be involved in crime and females in commercial sex work.

II. A Brief Overview of the Situation of Youth

II.A. Youth in the National Capital

• NCD has a population of about 250,000, with a higher concentration of youth than other parts of the country.
• In 2000, youth aged 15–29 made up 35.1% of NCD's population, compared to 28.5% nationally.
• The population of youth aged 15–29 in NCD is approximately 86,000, with males slightly outnumbering females (46,100 vs. 39,800).

II.B. Youth Involvement in Crime

• 36% of youth aged 15–35 in Port Moresby admitted to committing an offence.
• Males are more involved in crime than females, with 24% admitting to burglary, 20% to petty crimes, and 18% to assault.
• Females are less likely to be involved in violent crimes but are engaged in commercial sex work, which increases their risk of sexual violence and contracting STDs.
• About 10% of youth in Port Moresby belong to gangs, with males accounting for 90% of gang membership.
• The age group 19–29 is most active in crime, while those under 19 are less likely to engage in it.

II.C. Factors Underlying Crime and Violence in NCD

• Key underlying factors include:
  • Poverty: A major root cause of crime and violence.
  • Early school leaving: Low retention and relevance of education contribute to risky behaviors.
  • Poor labor market prospects: High unemployment and limited job opportunities.
  • Breakdown of traditional family and culture: Loss of cultural ties and family support.
  • Pervasive violence: Exposure to domestic and community violence.
  • Risky behaviors: Early and unprotected sex, substance abuse.
  • Corruption: Perceived unfairness in the system and lack of accountability.

II.D. Risk Groups

• Youth aged 15–29 are the most active in crime.
• Males are more likely to be involved in criminal activities than females.
• Gang members, particularly males, are at higher risk of engaging in violence.
• Young women involved in commercial sex work are at risk of sexual violence and STDs.
• Youth from poor families face barriers to education and employment, increasing their likelihood of entering crime.

II.E. Measuring Outcomes for Youth

• Data on youth is limited and often not aligned with specific age definitions.
• The report uses available data to analyze trends and outcomes, focusing on crime rates, education access, and labor market participation.
• Indicators such as school retention, literacy rates, and employment rates are used to assess the situation.

III. Good Practices and Lessons Learned

• The design of youth programs should focus on addressing root causes rather than just symptoms.
• Education and employment are critical for reducing youth crime and violence.
• Programs must be tailored to the specific needs and contexts of youth in urban areas.
• Collaboration between government and civil society is essential for effective service delivery.
• Monitoring and evaluation are necessary to ensure program effectiveness and to identify areas for improvement.

IV. Community and Civil Society Organizations in NCD

• A mapping of organizations was conducted to identify their programs and constraints.
• These organizations play a vital role in youth development, but their reach and impact are limited.
• There is a need for better coordination between government and civil society to improve service delivery.
• Civil society organizations are crucial for filling gaps in youth services, especially in areas like education, employment, and social support.

V. Programs for Youth in Port Moresby

• The National Youth Commission (NYC) Annual Work Plan (2008/09) outlines key initiatives for youth development.
• Other programs include those funded by donors and implemented by civil society organizations.
• A gap analysis highlights the need for improved education, employment, and social services.
• The report suggests potential entry points for the World Bank in certain sectors to support youth empowerment.

Key Findings and Recommendations

• Poverty is a significant driver of crime and violence in NCD.
• Early school leaving and low education quality contribute to youth vulnerability.
• Unemployment is a major issue, with over 50% of males and 30% of females aged 15–24 unemployed.
• Family breakdown and cultural disintegration increase exposure to violence and risky behaviors.
• Corruption and perceived injustice further exacerbate the problem.
• Commercial sex work is a growing concern for young women.
• Gang involvement is common among youth, especially males.
• Education and employment are essential for reducing crime and violence.
• Improved service delivery mechanisms and stronger partnerships between government and civil society are needed to address these challenges.