2016年-世界发展银行全球_Global_School_Feeding_Sourcebook___Lessons_from_14_Countries_507页_21mb

Summary of Global School Feeding Sourcebook: Lessons from 14 Countries

Core Content

The Global School Feeding Sourcebook: Lessons from 14 Countries is a comprehensive publication that examines the design, implementation, and impact of school feeding programs across 14 countries. Edited by Lesley Drake, Alice Woolnough, Carmen Burbano, and Donald Bundy, the book is supported by the World Food Programme (WFP), World Bank, and the Partnership for Child Development (PCD) at Imperial College London. It serves as a guide for policymakers and implementers in low- and middle-income countries to strengthen and scale up their national school feeding initiatives.

The book is released under a Creative Commons Attribution-Non Commercial (CC BY-NC) license, allowing non-commercial use and dissemination. It is part of a series of publications following the 2009 Rethinking School Feeding report, which emphasized the importance of integrating school feeding into broader national strategies.

Main Views and Key Information

1. Global Context and Importance of School Feeding

• The global economic crisis of 2008 increased poverty and food insecurity, with 90 million more people falling into extreme poverty.
• The United Nations estimates that 66 million children in primary schools still go to school hungry.
• School feeding programs play a critical role in increasing enrollment, reducing absenteeism, and enhancing learning by addressing hunger and improving cognitive abilities.

2. Sustainable and Government-Owned Programs

• The most sustainable school feeding programs are those that are integrated across education, health, and agriculture sectors.
• These programs are increasingly based on local sourcing and production, rather than relying on food aid, especially in non-humanitarian contexts.
• There is a growing recognition of the role of smallholder farmers, with 80% of them being women, in food production for school feeding.

3. Program Design and Implementation

• The book provides detailed insights into the design and implementation of school feeding programs in various contexts.
• It outlines the importance of policy integration, community participation, and financial accountability in ensuring program success.

4. Funding and Budgeting

• School feeding is a major global investment, with an estimated US$75 billion annually.
• The book highlights the importance of transparent and accountable financial mechanisms.
• It includes cost data and budgeting steps for different programs, showing how funding is allocated and managed across countries.

5. Community Participation and Local Engagement

• Community involvement is emphasized as a key component of successful school feeding programs.
• Local participation helps in ensuring that programs are culturally appropriate, sustainable, and responsive to community needs.

6. Country-Specific Case Studies

• The book presents case studies from 14 countries: Botswana, Brazil, Cape Verde, Chile, Côte d'Ivoire, Ecuador, Ghana, India, Kenya, Mali, Mexico, Namibia, Nigeria, and South Africa.
• Each case study provides a detailed analysis of the program's design, implementation, funding, policy, and community engagement.

Structure of the Book

The book is organized into several sections:

• Foreword: Highlights the importance of school feeding in combating poverty and food insecurity.
• Acknowledgments: Recognizes the contributions of various stakeholders and institutions.
• Boxes, Figures, and Tables: Provide visual and concise summaries of key points.
• Executive Summary: Offers an overview of the book's content and findings.
• Introduction: Sets the stage for understanding the role and importance of school feeding.
• Design and Implementation: Discusses program structure, menu planning, and supply chain models.
• Policy and Legal Frameworks: Analyzes the legal and policy environments supporting school feeding.
• Institutional Arrangements: Describes the roles of different agencies and organizations in program management.
• Funding and Budgeting: Examines financial aspects and cost structures.
• Community Participation: Explores the role of local communities in program success.
• Case Studies: Detailed analyses of each country's school feeding program.

Key Findings from the Case Studies

• Botswana: The National School Feeding Programme focuses on increasing enrollment and reducing hunger, with a strong emphasis on community involvement.
• Brazil: The National School Feeding Programme (PNAE) has a robust structure, with significant local procurement from smallholder farmers.
• Cape Verde: The National School Nutrition Programme has evolved over time, with a focus on nutrition and community-based approaches.
• Chile: The Programa de Alimentación Escolar (PAE) integrates smallholder farmers into the supply chain, enhancing local economic benefits.
• Côte d'Ivoire: The Programme Intégré de Pérénnisation des Cantines Scolaires (PIP/CS) has seen improvements in institutional coordination and community participation.
• Ecuador: The School Food Program emphasizes local sourcing and community engagement, with a strong focus on transparency and financial accountability.
• Ghana: The Ghana School Feeding Programme (GSFP) has improved enrollment and reduced absenteeism through community involvement and local sourcing.
• India: The Mid-Day Meal Scheme (MDMS) is one of the largest school feeding programs in the world, with a focus on nutritional standards and community-based food production.
• Kenya: The Home Grown School Meals Programme (HGSM) has increased school attendance and improved nutrition, with strong inter-sectoral coordination.
• Mali: The Programme National d'Alimentation Scolaire (PNAS) emphasizes local procurement and community participation, leading to improved food security and education outcomes.
• Mexico: The Desayunos Escolares program has evolved to include more local sourcing and community-based approaches.
• Namibia: The National School Feeding Programme (NSFP) has been implemented with a focus on local production and financial transparency.
• Nigeria: The Osun State Elementary School Feeding and Health Programme (O-MEALS) has been successful in improving nutrition and education outcomes.
• South Africa: The National School Nutrition Programme (NSNP) has been integrated into national poverty and education strategies, with a focus on local sourcing and community participation.

Conclusion

The Global School Feeding Sourcebook provides a valuable resource for understanding the complexities and successes of school feeding programs worldwide. It underscores the importance of integrating these programs into national strategies, ensuring community participation, and promoting local sourcing and production. The case studies demonstrate that well-designed and well-implemented school feeding programs can significantly improve education outcomes and reduce food insecurity, especially for the poorest and most vulnerable children.