2017年-世界发展银行全球_Including_Persons_with_Disabilities_in_Water_Sector_Operations___A_Guidance_Note_50页_3mb

Summary of "Including Persons with Disabilities in Water Sector Operations"

Core Content

This guidance note outlines the importance of integrating persons with disabilities into water sector operations, emphasizing the need for inclusive and equitable development. It highlights the growing global recognition of disability as a cross-cutting issue and the critical role of the World Bank in promoting disability-inclusive water projects. The document provides a comprehensive overview of the challenges faced by persons with disabilities in accessing water and sanitation services, as well as practical approaches and entry points for improving inclusion.

Main Points and Key Issues

1.1 Purpose

• The guidance note aims to support the World Bank in systematically and effectively including persons with disabilities in its water sector operations.
• It addresses the challenges faced by persons with disabilities in accessing water, sanitation, and hygiene (WASH) services, and provides strategies for inclusive development.
• The note is intended for staff and consultants in the Water Global Practice and related sectors.

1.2 Need for Disability Inclusion in Water Sector Operations

• Persons with disabilities face attitudinal, infrastructural, and environmental barriers that limit their access to water and sanitation services.
• These barriers impede social, economic, and civic participation and can lead to sexual and financial exploitation, deteriorating health, and social exclusion.
• Dependency on others for accessing basic needs like water and sanitation can have adverse personal and family consequences.
• Economic impacts include higher out-of-pocket expenses and reduced household income due to caregiving responsibilities.
• Educational and employment barriers are significant, especially for children and adolescents with disabilities, leading to high dropout rates.
• Poor WASH access can cause secondary health conditions, such as dehydration, pressure sores, and urinary tract infections.
• Inclusive design benefits not only persons with disabilities but also older persons, pregnant women, children, and individuals with temporary injuries.

1.3 Emerging Global Policy Framework for Disability Inclusion

• The Convention on the Rights of Persons with Disabilities (CRPD), adopted in 2006, requires states to ensure access to clean water and sanitation, independent living, and accessibility.
• The 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development (SDGs) mandates inclusive education, reduced inequality, and community participation in improving water and sanitation resources.
• SDG 6 specifically calls for equitable access to water and sanitation, with attention to vulnerable groups, including persons with disabilities.
• The New Urban Agenda and Sendai Framework for Disaster Risk Reduction also emphasize the inclusion of persons with disabilities in public spaces and disaster preparedness.

1.4 World Bank's Policy Framework for Disability Inclusion

• The World Bank supports disability-inclusive development through its twin goals of ending extreme poverty and promoting shared prosperity.
• The Environmental and Social Framework (ESF), operational in 2018, includes provisions to assess and mitigate risks for persons with disabilities.
• Task teams are required to address grievances and ensure that disability needs are considered in project design and implementation.
• Disabled Persons’ Organizations (DPOs) are increasingly involved in the design, delivery, and inclusion of World Bank projects.

Key Approaches for Disability-Inclusive Water Sector Operations

• Twin-Track Approach: Combines disability-inclusive development with traditional water sector development.
• Social Model of Disability: Focuses on removing barriers rather than on the disability itself.
• Policy Development: Requires disability-disaggregated data to inform inclusive policies and programs.
• Capacity Building: Enhances the awareness and understanding of decision-makers and stakeholders.
• Accessible Infrastructure: Ensures physical accessibility in water and sanitation facilities.
• Community Involvement: Involves persons with disabilities throughout the project life cycle.
• Information Accessibility: Promotes inclusive communication and access to information.
• Monitoring and Evaluation: Incorporates disability-specific indicators to assess the impact of inclusive practices.

Entry Points in World Bank Processes

• Country Strategy: Integrate disability considerations into national development plans and Country Partnership Frameworks (CPFs).
• Financing: Allocate resources for inclusive infrastructure and disability-sensitive projects.
• Advisory Services and Analytics: Use disaggregated data to guide project design and ensure equitable access.

Recommendations and Tools

• The document provides case studies and examples of successful inclusion practices, such as:
  • India's initiatives for accessible water and sanitation.
  • Community-Based Rehabilitation (CBR) in improving access to water services.
  • Adaptive tools like quick bucket openers and outside faucet turners.
• Design guides, toolkits, and informational videos are included in the appendix to support task teams and clients in implementing inclusive practices.

Conclusion

The guidance note underscores the moral and practical imperative to include persons with disabilities in water sector operations. It calls for a paradigm shift in how the World Bank and its partners view disability, emphasizing inclusive design, data-driven approaches, and community engagement as essential components of effective and equitable water development. The World Bank is positioned to play a key role in promoting disability inclusion through its policy, financing, and technical support mechanisms.