世界银行-构建柬埔寨蓝色经济路线图（英）-2023-106页_9mb

报告摘要

Building a Blue Economy Roadmap for Cambodia

Executive Summary

Cambodia's coastlines are vital to the national economy, contributing to GDP, employment, and food security through sectors like fisheries, tourism, and shipping. The country has significant potential for a sustainable Blue Economy, but faces challenges from IUU fishing, pollution, climate change, and weak coastal governance. This report synthesizes current knowledge and provides recommendations for integrated coastal planning, Marine Spatial Planning (MSP), protected areas, capacity building, and sustainable financing to support a Blue Economy.

Key Findings

Current State of Marine Resources

Economy: Coastal sectors contribute ~16% of GDP, with tourism (17% in 2010-2019) and fisheries ($1.1 billion revenue in 2015) as primary drivers.
Threats: IUU fishing, marine pollution, habitat degradation, and climate change are major risks. Cambodia is barred from the EU market due to IUU fishing.
Ecosystem Services: Mangroves, coral reefs, and seagrass provide critical ecosystem services, estimated to be worth $200-583 million annually.

Policy and Institutional Landscape

Established institutional mechanisms include the National Committee for Coastal Management and Development (NCCMD) and Provincial Committees (PCCMDs), but coordination and enforcement are limited.
Key challenges: Overlapping mandates, inadequate funding, lack of dedicated coastal legislation, and weak stakeholder engagement.

Marine Spatial Planning and Protected Areas

Cambodia has drafted an MSP plan identifying zones for fisheries, conservation, and sustainable use, but implementation gaps exist.
Existing MPAs (e.g., Koh Rong Archipelago) show early signs of recovery, but management capacity and funding are limited.

Recommendations

Cross-Cutting Objectives

Institutional Framework: Strengthen NCCMD with MAFF representation and clearer decision-making authority.
Integrated Planning: Scale up MSP and coastal planning, incorporating land-sea integration.
Area-Based Conservation: Expand and improve MPAs, clarifying zoning and management regulations.
Capacity Building: Develop training programs in GIS, monitoring, governance, and ecosystem valuation.
Sustainable Financing: Mobilize public, private, and development finance; explore Ecosystem Services (ES) payment schemes.

Priority Actions

Short-term: Complete baseline data, revise policies, and enhance stakeholder engagement.
Mid-term: Implement legal reforms, develop strategic MPA plans, and test sustainable financing mechanisms.
Long-term: Mainstream Blue Economy into national development plans and achieve 30% MPA coverage by 2030.


This summary highlights the report’s analysis of Cambodia’s Blue Economy potential, structural challenges, and actionable steps for sustainable development.

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