2024-03-07-IMF-Accounting_for_Climate_Risks_in_Costing_the_Sustainable_Development_Goals_52页_1mb

报告摘要

Accounting for Climate Risks in Costing the Sustainable Development Goals

This IMF working paper analyzes the additional costs required to achieve core Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) targets while addressing associated climate risks. Key findings include:

Overview

An additional 3.8% of global GDP (equivalent to $3.4 trillion) is needed by 2030, compared to $3.02 trillion without climate risks.
Climate-related costs amount to ~$358 billion, or 0.4% of global GDP.

Distribution by Income Group

Least Developed Countries (LIDCs) face the highest climate-related costs relative to GDP (up to 1.04% GDP augmentation).
Emerging Market Economies (EMEs) bear the largest absolute costs ($267 billion in climate-related spending).
Advanced Economies (AEs) have the lowest additional climate costs relative to GDP.

Sector Breakdown

Infrastructure sectors (electricity, roads, water & sanitation) absorb the majority of climate-related costs across income groups.
Health and Education sectors face significant climate adaptation needs in LIDCs.
EMEs face large mitigation costs, particularly in the electricity sector.

Methodology

The analysis integrates climate risk into cost projections for five SDGs (health, education, water & sanitation, electricity, and road infrastructure).
A benchmarking approach compares peer countries based on climate exposure and performance in adaptation.

Conclusions

The study emphasizes that climate-related spending is an essential investment, not merely an additional burden.
Tailored strategies and substantial international cooperation are crucial to address differential burdens across income groups.

Note: For detailed methodology and visualizations (tables, figures), refer to the full IMF Working Paper WP/24/49.

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