G20国家2019年度科研绩效分析（英文版）_27页_3mb

Annual G20 Scorecard - Research Performance 2019

Core Content

The 2019 G20 Scorecard provides an analysis of the research performance of G20 countries, focusing on publication output, citation impact, research funding, and the role of international collaboration. The report highlights the importance of research in driving economic growth and innovation, and how these factors vary across the diverse group of nations. The Web of Science Group, through the Institute for Scientific Information (ISI), presents data using a comparative benchmark based on the G20 average or median.

Key Metrics

• G20 Representation:

  • Accounts for over 80% of global GDP
  • Represents two-thirds of the world's population

• Research Investment:

  • G20 countries spend approximately 80% of global R&D
  • Employ around 70% of the world's researchers

• Research Output:

  • G20 countries publish about 70% of global research papers
  • The total number of indexed research papers for the last three years is over 5 million

• Citation Impact:

  • Measured using Category Normalized Citation Impact (CNCI)
  • Values above 1.0 indicate above-world average citation rates

• Open Access (OA):

  • Increasing in many G20 countries, particularly in science
  • One-third of G20 research was published in OA format in 2018

Main Research Areas

The report categorizes research output into eight major discipline groups:

• Medicine (Med)
• Life Sciences (Life)
• Maths and Physical Sciences (MPS)
• Engineering and Technology (Eng)
• Social Sciences (Soc)
• Arts and Humanities (A&H)
• Art and Design (A&D)
• Humanities and Languages (H&L)
• Subjects Allied to Medicine (SAM)

Key Countries Overview

Argentina

• GERD: 0.53% of GDP
• Research Output: 98,448 papers
• Citation Impact: CNCI = 0.92, 25.8% above world average, 6.9% in top 10%
• Gender Balance: 53% female researchers
• International Collaboration: 11.3% of papers in top 10%
• OA: Relatively high in social sciences and humanities

Australia

• GERD: 1.92% of GDP
• Research Output: 624,023 papers
• Citation Impact: CNCI = 1.38, 40.4% above world average, 14.0% in top 10%
• Gender Balance: 40% female researchers
• International Collaboration: 17.5% of papers in top 10%
• OA: Around G20 average in science, lower in other areas

Brazil

• GERD: Not available due to missing OECD data
• Research Output: 463,357 papers
• Citation Impact: CNCI = 0.79, 23.3% above world average, 5.9% in top 10%
• Gender Balance: 44% female researchers
• International Collaboration: 36.6% of papers in top 10%
• OA: Strong across all disciplines

Canada

• GERD: Not available
• Research Output: 736,856 papers
• Citation Impact: CNCI = 1.31, 38.2% above world average, 12.8% in top 10%
• Gender Balance: 40% female researchers
• International Collaboration: 44.1% of papers above world average, 16.6% in top 10%
• OA: Below G20 average but rising

China

• GERD: 2% of GDP
• Research Output: 2,741,465 papers
• Citation Impact: CNCI = 1.01, 31.1% above world average, 10.1% in top 10%
• Gender Balance: 20% female researchers
• International Collaboration: 10% of papers in top 10%
• OA: Rising and now above G20 benchmarks

Main Findings

• International Collaboration: A significant driver of citation impact. Most top-cited papers have international co-authors, and collaboration has been increasing across G20 countries.
• Gender Balance: Varies significantly. The UK and South Africa have higher female representation in research, while France and Germany have lower percentages.
• Open Access: Growing in most G20 countries, especially in medicine, but still below G20 average in other disciplines.
• Research Productivity: Varies by country and discipline. Some countries, like China, have high productivity in science and technology, while others, like India, face challenges in research output and funding.
• Citation Impact Trends: The average citation impact is rising, but not all countries are performing above the G20 average. The UK has the highest citation impact with 14.5% of its papers in the global top 10%.

Conclusion

The G20 Scorecard serves as a tool for policymakers and researchers to track the development and performance of the global research system. It highlights the importance of international collaboration, gender balance, and open access in enhancing research impact. While some countries show strong performance in specific areas, others lag behind in terms of funding and productivity. The report emphasizes that the G20 is a key player in the global research landscape, and its members collectively contribute significantly to the world's research output and innovation.