全球碳捕集与封存先进技术汇编2025（英）_135页_32mb

Summary of CCS Technologies 2025

Core Content

The 2025 State of the Art: CCS Technologies report by the Global CCS Institute provides an overview of the current state and future potential of Carbon Capture and Storage (CCS) technologies. It highlights the importance of accelerating CCS deployment to meet global net-zero targets and outlines the technological landscape across capture, transport, and storage sectors. The report emphasizes the need for innovative solutions in capture performance, cost-effectiveness, and scalability, while also showcasing both established technologies and emerging disruptors.

The report includes detailed technology readiness levels (TRLs), key performance data, and project statuses, offering insights into the commercial viability and technical maturity of various CCS technologies. It also introduces 8RH₂, Biome, and AFC-C as leading technologies in the hydrogen and power generation sectors, along with Calcite, a direct air capture (DAC) solution.

Main Technologies Highlighted

1. 8RH₂ – Ultra-Low-Carbon Hydrogen Production

• Core Technology: Combines CO₂ Convective Reformer (CCR) with Oxy-Combustor.
• Key Features:
  • Captures >99.5% of CO₂ from the process.
  • Uses synthetic air (pure oxygen + CO₂) to enable efficient heat integration.
  • Eliminates the need for post-combustion capture (PCCC) systems.
  • Thermal efficiency gains: 5–7% compared to ATR+CCS.
  • Modular: Yes.
  • TRL: >5.
  • Target Industries: Hydrogen, Ammonia/Fertiliser, Refining, Transportation Fuels, Methanol, Oxo-alcohols.

2. Biome & AFC-C – Negative Emissions Power Generation

• Core Technology: Allam-Fetvedt Cycle (AFC).
• Key Features:
  • Biome: Combusts gasified biomass or MSW.
  • AFC-C: Combusts gasified coal, petcoke, or heavy distillates.
  • Both produce supercritical CO₂ (sCO₂) as the working fluid.
  • Inherent carbon capture and zero-to-negative emissions.
  • Power Output: 240–285 MWe.
  • TRL: 6+.
  • Target Industries: Power generation.

3. Calcite – Direct Air Capture (DAC) Technology

• Core Technology: Uses the calcium cycle to remove CO₂ from ambient air.
• Key Features:
  • Process: Air is passed over calcium hydroxide to form calcium carbonate (CaCO₃).
  • CO₂ is captured and sequestered in Class VI wells or mineralised as limestone.
  • Oxy-fired kiln allows for efficient CO₂ capture and reduced need for clean electricity.
  • TRL: 6.
  • Target Industries: DAC.

Key Points and Advantages

8RH₂

• No direct emissions.
• Ultra-low carbon intensity (15–20% lower than ATR+CCS).
• Cost-effective and highly efficient.
• Integrates with ammonia loop technology for low-carbon ammonia production.
• First commercial deployment: Cormorant Clean Energy in Port Arthur, Texas, with an annual CO₂ capture capacity of >1.4 Mtpa.

Biome & AFC-C

• Clean, secure, and reliable power.
• Affordable due to heat recycling and smaller facility size.
• Baseload and dispatchable power, ideal for grid stability and complementing renewables.
• Eliminates post-combustion capture (PCCC) systems, reducing both cost and complexity.
• Siemens Energy is developing the sCO₂ turbine for these technologies.

Calcite

• Simple and scalable using the natural calcium cycle.
• Low technical risk and cost-effective.
• Highly scalable due to abundant feedstock (limestone) and existing infrastructure.
• First DAC hub: SEDAC Hub in Mobile County, Alabama, with a 100,000 net tonne per year facility in development.

Key Data Table Highlights

Conclusion

The 2025 CCS Technology Compendium underscores the technological advancements and commercial readiness of various CCS solutions. It highlights the potential of 8RH₂, Biome, and AFC-C to deliver clean, reliable, and affordable energy with high CO₂ capture rates and low operational costs. The report also emphasizes the importance of DAC technologies like Calcite in addressing atmospheric CO₂. With TRLs of 5 or above, these technologies are ready for scale-up and deployment across multiple industries, making them essential tools in the global effort to achieve net-zero emissions.