FDA_CDC：2022年美国青少年烟草调查报告_32页_738kb

Summary of "Tobacco Product Use and Associated Factors Among Middle and High School Students — National Youth Tobacco Survey, United States, 2021"

Core Content

The document presents findings from the National Youth Tobacco Survey (NYTS) 2021, conducted by the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) and the Food and Drug Administration (FDA), focusing on tobacco product use patterns and associated factors among U.S. middle and high school students. The survey was adapted to accommodate the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic, with students completing the survey online via a web URL.

Main Findings

Prevalence of Tobacco Product Use

• Ever use: In 2021, 34.0% of high school students (5.22 million) and 11.3% of middle school students (1.34 million) reported ever using any tobacco product.
• Current use (past 30 days):
  • High school students: 13.4% (2.06 million)
  • Middle school students: 4.0% (470,000)

Most Common Tobacco Products

• E-cigarettes were the most commonly used tobacco product, with 11.3% of high school students and 2.8% of middle school students currently using them.
• Cigarettes were the second most commonly used, followed by cigars, smokeless tobacco, hookahs, nicotine pouches, heated tobacco products, and pipe tobacco.

Subpopulation Differences

• LGB students had a higher rate of current tobacco use (14.2% vs. 7.9% for heterosexual students).
• Transgender students had a significantly higher rate (18.9% vs. 8.2% for not transgender students).
• Students with severe psychological distress were more likely to use tobacco products (14.2% vs. 5.5% for those with no distress).

Reasons for Use

• First use of e-cigarettes: Most students (57.8%) reported that a friend used them.
• Current use of e-cigarettes: The most common reason was feeling anxious, stressed, or depressed (43.4%).

Flavored Tobacco Product Use

• 79.1% of current tobacco users reported using a flavored product.
• E-cigarettes were the most commonly used flavored product.
• Common flavors included menthol, mint, fruit, chocolate, candy, and alcoholic drinks.

Access to Tobacco Products

• Friends were the most common source of access (32.8%).
• Disposable devices were the most common type of e-cigarette used (53.7%), followed by prefilled/refillable pods or cartridges (28.7%).

Exposure to Marketing

• 75.7% of students who had contact with potential advertising sources reported exposure to tobacco product marketing.
• 73.5% of students who used social media had seen e-cigarette-related content.

Harm Perceptions

• E-cigarettes were perceived as having the least harm (16.6% of students thought "no" or "little" harm), while cigarettes were seen as having the most harm (9.6%).

Quitting Behaviors

• 27.2% of current tobacco users experienced cravings in the past 30 days.
• 19.5% wanted to use a tobacco product within 30 minutes of waking.
• 65.3% were seriously thinking about quitting all tobacco products.
• 60.2% had stopped using all tobacco products for at least one day in the past 12 months.

Key Information

• Sampling Method: A three-stage cluster sampling design was used to generate a nationally representative sample.
• Response Rates:
  • School response rate: 54.9%
  • Student response rate: 81.2%
  • Overall response rate: 44.6%
• Sample Size:
  • 20,413 student records were included, representing approximately 27.56 million students.
  • 135 students with missing grade level information were excluded from school-level analyses.
• Survey Administration:
  • Conducted from January 18 to May 21, 2021.
  • Administered electronically via a secure website, allowing participation from students in in-person, distance/virtual, or hybrid learning environments.
• Data Weighting:
  • Adjusted to reflect the national population distribution.
  • Included demographic factors, sexual identity, family affluence, and psychological distress.
• Limitations:
  • Due to pandemic-related changes, comparisons with previous years are not possible.
  • Write-in responses were not analyzed in this report.

Conclusion

The 2021 NYTS highlights the continued high prevalence of tobacco use among U.S. youth, with e-cigarettes being the most common product. Certain subpopulations, including LGB, transgender, and students with psychological distress, are at higher risk. Despite these risks, a significant proportion of current users are considering quitting. Public health efforts must continue to monitor all forms of tobacco use and address factors such as flavor availability, access, and misconceptions about harm to effectively reduce youth tobacco use.