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Summary of Energy Transition Assessment in Somalia

Report by IRENA in Collaboration with the Government of Somalia

This assessment analyzes Somalia's energy sector, highlighting opportunities and challenges for transitioning to renewable energy. After years of instability, Somalia is now focused on rebuilding its infrastructure and leveraging its abundant renewable resources to achieve sustainable development.

Background

Somalia's energy sector is characterized by high reliance on diesel generators, leading to costly and unreliable power. Key issues include:

• High electricity prices (around $0.4-1.0 USD/kWh) compared to regional averages.
• Limited grid connectivity and dependency on imported fuels.
• Abundant renewable resources: solar potential (6-8 kWh/m²/day), wind energy, and biomass.
• Government efforts: Policies like the National Renewable Energy Action Plan and the Global Renewable Energy and Energy Efficiency Pledge aim to scale up renewables by 2030.
  Goals include improving energy access, reducing costs, and supporting economic growth while addressing climate change.

Key Challenges

• Policy and Regulatory Barriers: Inconsistent implementation of laws and market frameworks hinder investment. Need for clear targets and regulatory bodies.
• Funding and Investment Risks: Attracting public and private funds is crucial but challenging due to perceived risks. Proposed solutions include financial guarantees and tax incentives for clean technologies.
• Technical and Institutional Gaps: Lack of standardized protocols, skilled workforce, and robust infrastructure for renewable deployment. Requires enhanced research, training, and international cooperation.
• Energy Access and Efficiency: Urban cooking relies on unsustainable biomass; energy efficiency is low, requiring measures like stricter building codes and appliance standards.

Recommendations for Action

• Short-Term Priorities: Define renewable capacity targets (e.g., 152 MW by 2030), strengthen regulatory frameworks, and promote decentralized solutions.
• Medium-Term Strategies: Invest in research, foster partnerships for renewable projects, and improve energy efficiency in sectors like transport and buildings.
• Long-Term Measures: Develop institutional capacity, create a national database for energy resources, and encourage international finance mechanisms.

Action Plan

The plan outlines phased implementation over three stages, with specific actions for policy, financing, and technical development. Key partners include government agencies, IRENA, and international organizations.

This assessment provides a roadmap for Somalia's energy transition, emphasizing the need for coordinated efforts to harness renewable energy for economic and social benefits.