2025-06-22-世界卫生组织-The_United_Republic_of_Tanzania_–_Universal_Health_and_Preparedness_Review_UHPR_–_National_Report,_January_2025_64页_1mb

Tanzania Universal Health and Preparedness Review (UHPR) National Report Summary

Core Content

The Universal Health and Preparedness Review (UHPR) is a comprehensive, high-level initiative led by the United Republic of Tanzania (URT) and the Revolutionary Government of Zanzibar, aimed at strengthening health emergency preparedness and enhancing the resilience of Tanzania's healthcare system. The review was conducted in response to recent public health crises, including the COVID-19 pandemic and the Marburg Virus Disease outbreak, which exposed vulnerabilities in the country's health infrastructure and response mechanisms.

The UHPR process involved collaboration between government and non-government actors, with the Prime Minister's Office and the Office of the Second Vice President of Zanzibar leading the secretariat. It included sensitization of stakeholders, multisectoral consultations, and the review of key national health documents, such as the National Health Risk Profile. The outcome of this process will ensure sustained focus and adequate financing for health preparedness.

Main Viewpoints

1. Health System Resilience

• The UHPR aims to build a resilient and adaptive health system that can effectively respond to public health emergencies.
• The review emphasized the importance of whole-of-government, whole-of-society, and whole-of-sector approaches to health security.
• The initiative aligns with national development frameworks such as the National Five-Year Development Plan (2021/22–2025/26), the Health Sector Strategic Plan V (2021–2026), and the National Operational Plan for Health Security (2023–2024).

2. Strategic Leadership and Governance

• The UHPR was led by high-level political leadership, including the Prime Minister and the President of Tanzania.
• Key governance priorities include:
  • Legislative reform to align with the amended International Health Regulations (IHR).
  • Inclusive governance to ensure equity in health outcomes, especially for vulnerable groups.
  • Strategic oversight through the establishment of a National Health Council chaired by the Head of Government.
  • Enhanced accountability mechanisms to improve coordination and monitoring across sectors.

3. Health System Strengthening

• The UHPR identified several system-level interventions to improve health emergency preparedness:
  • Establishment of an independent National Public Health Institute (NPHI).
  • Strengthening the health workforce through rapid response programs, training, and community-based healthcare initiatives.
  • Digitalization of health surveillance systems to enhance early detection, timely notification, and response.
  • Investment in health infrastructure through a National Health Infrastructure Program and public-private partnerships.
  • Climate-resilient health systems by implementing national commitments on climate and disaster risk reduction.

4. Health Financing

• The UHPR prioritizes enhancing health financing for sustainability and preparedness.
• Key financial actions include:
  • Increasing domestic health financing for emergency preparedness.
  • Expanding the national disaster management fund to include health emergency preparedness.
  • Catalyzing universal health insurance implementation to reduce catastrophic health expenditures.

5. Public Health Performance

• The health sector in Tanzania has shown improvement in key indicators such as life expectancy, vaccination coverage, and maternal and child health outcomes.
• According to the 2022 census, the total population of Tanzania is 61,741,120, with an annual growth rate of 3.2% in Mainland and 3.7% in Zanzibar.
• Health sector performance in 2022 shows:
  • Life expectancy increased from 51 years (2002) to 67 years (2022).
  • Vaccination coverage for major diseases reached over 90% for several vaccines.
  • Under-5 mortality decreased from 67 to 43 deaths per 1,000 live births between 2015–16 and 2022.

6. Health Risks and Emergencies

• The URT updated its health risk profile in 2022, identifying 23 potential public health hazards.
• High-risk hazards include: Cholera, Pandemic Influenza, Earthquake, Storm, Ebola, Yellow Fever, Aflatoxicosis, Drought, and Transportation accidents.
• Zanzibar's updated risk profile (2023) highlights Marburg Virus Disease, Flood, Strong Wind, Influenza with new subtype, and COVID-19 as high-risk.
• The country has experienced various disease outbreaks and non-biological events, including Marburg Virus Disease, Leptospirosis, Cholera, Measles, Dengue, Anthrax, Rift Valley Fever, Aflatoxicosis, African Swine Fever, Floods, Landslides, Building collapses, MV accidents, Road Traffic Accidents, and Bomb blasts.

7. Innovative Actions During Emergencies

• The UHPR highlights innovative actions taken during the COVID-19 pandemic and other recent emergencies, such as:
  • Local production of sanitizers, masks, and PPE.
  • Decentralization of testing to subnational levels.
  • Community-based surveillance and early detection through social networks and media.
  • Holistic patient care including counselling, psychosocial support, and physiotherapy.
  • Research initiatives on the impact of the pandemic.
  • Deployment of mobile laboratories for rapid outbreak confirmation.
  • Training of health workers and community health workers.

Key Information

• The UHPR process was voluntary, transparent, and Member State-led.
• The Prime Minister personally chaired the UHPR launch and directed government departments to address vulnerabilities, allocate funds, and develop strategies aligned with UHPR priorities.
• The One Health approach is central to Tanzania’s health preparedness, with a strategic plan from 2015–2020 and 2022–2027.
• The UHPR is a catalyst for health system strengthening, guiding the country towards Universal Health Coverage (UHC) and health security.
• The five national priorities identified in the report include:
  1. Strengthening legislative and legal frameworks.
  2. Institutionalizing inclusive governance.
  3. Enhancing strategic oversight.
  4. Improving accountability mechanisms.
  5. Building a resilient and integrated health system.

Conclusion

The UHPR National Report underscores Tanzania's commitment to health security, resilience, and universal health coverage. It highlights the importance of multisectoral collaboration, inclusive governance, and sustainable financing in addressing public health challenges. The report serves as a roadmap for future action, with clear directives for government departments and agencies to implement key interventions and improve emergency response capabilities.