2022-10-30-世界卫生组织-Antimicrobial_resistance_TrACSS_Slovenia_2022_country_profile_10页_283kb

Antimicrobial Resistance (AMR) and the TrACSS Survey

Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) is a major global health threat, contributing to increased mortality, with about 5 million deaths worldwide in 2019, including 1.27 million directly linked to AMR. The Tracking AMR Country Self-Assessment Survey (TrACSS) monitors implementation of national AMR action plans (NAPs) and uses annual surveys to track progress. Slovenia participated in its sixth iteration of TrACSS in 2022, with high response rates globally, indicating strong engagement.

This report summarizes the 2022 TrACSS submission for Slovenia, providing a five-year overview (2018-2022) of its responses across various sectors, including human health, animal health, food and agriculture, and the environment. Capacities are rated on a scale from A (limited) to E (nationwide implementation). Global data comparisons show Slovenia's performance relative to worldwide averages, highlighting areas of strength and weakness.

Key Findings Across Sectors and Areas

Human Health: Slovenia demonstrates strong capacities, with most indicators rated at level C or D, showing monitoring systems, infection prevention controls, and antimicrobial stewardship in place. However, a minor gap exists in monitoring antimicrobial consumption and integrating AMR into guidelines. Slovenia's key messages emphasize directing efforts toward surveillance improvements and public awareness.

Animal Health: Capacities in terrestrial animal health (rated C-D) show progress in education, surveillance, and biosecurity, but aquatic animal health remains weaker (rated E). Efforts include optimizing antimicrobial use and integrating laboratories into surveillance, though gaps persist in standardizing procedures and diagnostics. Recommendations focus on enhancing training and lab integration.

Food and Agriculture: Slovenia has moderate capacities (primarily B-D), with areas like biosecurity and lab integration needing attention. Food production and safety are underdeveloped, but initiatives like awareness campaigns and antimicrobial reduction practices are ongoing. The review highlights the need for better monitoring and regulations to support sustainable agriculture and reduce AMR spread.

Environment: Initial assessments show Slovenia has risk evaluations for antimicrobial residues and pollution (rated as yes for relevant metrics). However, there is underperformance in monitoring systems and legislation implementation, with challenges in detecting resistant bacteria and ensuring water quality. The push for a OneHealth approach to address environmental contamination and transnational risks is critical.

Cross-Cutting Issues: Slovenia faces moderate challenges in funding, political commitment, and data consistency. While multisector coordination is formalized, implementation relies on ad-hoc measures. Slovenia performs better than average in some areas but trails globally in routine monitoring and legislative use of data for decision-making.

Recommendations and Outcomes

• Strengthen multisector coordination and integrate AMR efforts into national strategies.
• Prioritize investments in surveillance, diagnostics, and antimicrobial stewardship.
• Enhance public and youth awareness campaigns to build broad understanding.
• Improve environmental monitoring systems to address pollution sources and transcontinental risks.
• Increase financial and human resources for sustained AMR management.

Slovenia's national AMR actions are commendable, but continuous prioritization, monitoring, and reporting are essential for long-term success.