【WEF德勤】2024高排放行业低碳供应商的挑战与机遇洞察报告_66页_5mb

报告摘要

Summary of "High-Emitting Sectors: Challenges and Opportunities for Low-Carbon Suppliers"

Core Content

This report, developed in collaboration with Deloitte, explores the challenges and opportunities for low-carbon suppliers in high-emitting sectors, including aviation, shipping, trucking, aluminium, cement and concrete, steel, and carbon dioxide removal (CDR). It emphasizes the role of suppliers in driving innovation and scaling low-carbon technologies, as well as the need for cross-sector collaboration to achieve global decarbonization goals.

Main Sectors and Their Emissions Profile

Sector	Global GHG Emissions Share	Key Decarbonization Pathways	Key Opportunities	Key Challenges
Aviation	~3%	Sustainable aviation fuel (SAF), next-gen propulsion tech	Growing public interest, flexible offtake agreements	High production costs, uncertain demand signals
Shipping	~2%	Low-carbon hydrogen, methanol, ammonia	International policy support, "book and claim" schemes	High fuel costs, lack of global standards
Trucking	~4%	Battery-electric vehicles (BEVs), fuel-cell electric vehicles (FCEVs)	Incentive policies, shared charging models	High transition costs, limited charging infrastructure
Aluminium	~2%	Emissions-free smelting, renewable energy, CCUS	Partnerships with recycling sectors, policy alignment	High costs of new technologies, standardization issues
Cement and Concrete	~8%	SCM replacement, CCUS, alternative chemistries	Policy mechanisms like CBAM, alternative feedstocks	High costs, competition for investment
Steel	~8%	DRI-EAF, Scrap-EAF, low-carbon hydrogen	Policy support, first-mover advantage	High capital costs, lack of global standards
Carbon Dioxide Removal (CDR)	N/A	DACCS, BECCS, Biochar, Enhanced Rock Weathering	Collective purchasing power, MRV systems	High costs, lack of standards, policy support needed

Main Points and Key Insights

1. The Role of Suppliers in Decarbonization

Suppliers are essential in developing, scaling and piloting low-carbon technologies.
They play a pivotal role in influencing downstream emissions through innovation and market entry.

2. Cross-Sector Challenges

Lack of Emissions Measurement Standards: A major obstacle for suppliers in establishing trust and credibility with buyers and financiers.
Availability and Cost of Inputs: Limited access to sustainable feedstocks and high costs hinder the adoption of low-carbon technologies.
Buyers' Risk Aversion: Uncertainty about the viability and cost of decarbonized solutions makes it difficult for suppliers to secure long-term contracts.

3. Proposed Solutions

Advocacy for Standards: Suppliers should engage with industry and international bodies to develop sector-specific carbon accounting standards.
Strategic Partnerships: Collaborating with governments, financiers, and other stakeholders can help secure funding and access to necessary inputs.
Innovative Contracting Models: "Book and claim" schemes, shared charging infrastructure, and tax incentives can reduce financial and operational risks.

4. FMC Commitments and Their Impact

The First Movers Coalition (FMC) has set commitments for six sectors, including aviation, shipping, trucking, aluminium, cement/concrete, and steel, aiming to drive demand for low-carbon solutions.
These commitments focus on technologies that achieve at least 85% GHG reduction in life cycle assessments, such as SAF85, low-carbon hydrogen, and emissions-free smelting.

5. Sector-Specific Opportunities

Aviation: Scaling SAF through flexible offtake agreements, emerging markets for feedstock, and industry collaboration.
Shipping: Leveraging carbon taxes and mass-balance mechanisms, as well as "book and claim" schemes.
Trucking: Utilizing TaaS models and shared charging infrastructure to lower costs.
Aluminium: Expanding use of recycled materials and emerging refining technologies.
Cement and Concrete: Using non-fossil SCMs and alternative chemistries to reduce emissions.
Steel: Adopting DRI-EAF and other low-carbon production methods, supported by policy mechanisms.
CDR: Utilizing MRV systems and leveraging collective demand to drive down costs and increase adoption.

Key Recommendations for Suppliers

Engage in Policy Dialogue: Work with governments and regulators to align with global standards and support the adoption of low-carbon solutions.
Build Strategic Partnerships: Collaborate with industry players, financial institutions, and regional stakeholders to secure funding and inputs.
Innovate Contracting Models: Use flexible offtake agreements and risk-sharing mechanisms to address buyer hesitation.
Focus on Technology Readiness: Prioritize technologies with high TRL, such as SAF85 and DRI-EAF, to ensure commercial viability.
Promote Transparency and Education: Share information on sustainability and carbon accounting to build trust and inform buyers.

Conclusion

The report underscores the importance of collaboration across the supply chain, policy support, and innovative business models in accelerating the adoption of low-carbon technologies. It highlights that without these efforts, achieving the net-zero goals by 2050 will remain out of reach. The First Suppliers Hub (FSH) and First Movers Coalition (FMC) are vital in creating demand signals, facilitating information-sharing, and enabling the scaling of sustainable solutions.

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