深度-亚开行-亚太地区城市的100项气候行动（英文）-2021.6-154页_22mb

100 Climate Actions from Cities in Asia and the Pacific (June 2021)

Core Content

This report, published by the Asian Development Bank (ADB) in June 2021, highlights 100 climate actions implemented by cities across Asia and the Pacific. These initiatives span various sectors, including clean and renewable energy, urban transport, smart cities, sustainable communities, and climate resilience. The report showcases how cities are taking proactive steps to reduce greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions, enhance resilience, and deliver co-benefits in economic, social, and environmental domains.

Key Sectors Covered

1. Clean and Renewable Energy

• Tieling, PRC: Scaling up corn-based ethanol production to reduce transport emissions and improve air quality.
• Baku, Azerbaijan: Increasing renewable energy capacity to meet ambitious targets, with a focus on solar, wind, biomass, and hydro.
• Navoi, Uzbekistan: Developing the country's first solar park to reduce reliance on fossil fuels and cut emissions.
• Other initiatives: Include solar plants in Cambodia, micro-grids in Micronesia, and solar-battery systems in Nauru.

2. Urban Transport and Mobility

• Jinhua, PRC: Launching the country's first electric bus network.
• Liuzhou, PRC: Implementing a model for mobility electrification.
• Bangkok, Thailand: Expanding electric vehicle charging infrastructure.
• Dhaka, Bangladesh: Introducing utility-scale solar projects.
• Various cities: Promoting green transport, reducing traffic congestion, and improving air quality through public transport expansion, trolleybus networks, and emission monitoring systems.

3. Smart Cities

• Xiangtan, PRC: Implementing smart systems for energy efficiency, flood forecasting, and real-time urban monitoring.
• Shanghai, PRC: Developing real-time flood forecasting and warning systems.
• Kolkata, India: Enhancing urban resilience with nature-based solutions.

4. Sustainable and Low-Carbon Communities

• Kabul, Afghanistan: Introducing efficient stoves to reduce indoor air pollution and deforestation.
• Jilin, PRC: Testing low-carbon living practices.
• Tamil Nadu, India: Investing in climate-resilient infrastructure.
• Kiribati: Addressing water scarcity and climate risks through adaptive strategies.
• Chengdu, PRC: Developing a low-carbon and climate-resilient urban model.

5. Building Energy Efficiency

• Ulaanbaatar, Mongolia: Implementing retrofits and low-carbon housing to improve energy efficiency and reduce emissions.
• Ho Chi Minh City, Viet Nam: Adopting international standards for building efficiency.
• Xiangtan, PRC: Using smart monitoring to enhance building performance.

6. Solid Waste Management

• Khujand, Tajikistan: Addressing landfill challenges.
• Ulaanbaatar, Mongolia: Innovating in food waste reduction.
• Male, Maldives: Tackling trash island issues.
• Nature-based solutions: Being used in Viet Nam and Indonesia to enhance urban resilience.

7. Climate Resilience

• Kampong Chhnang and Pursat, Cambodia: Building resilience against climate risks.
• Dushanbe, Tajikistan: Strengthening water security.
• Bangladesh: Enhancing resilience in rapidly growing cities.
• Tonga: Focusing on urban resilience in the face of climate change.

Main Themes and Key Messages

• Cities as Climate Leaders: Urban areas are pivotal in driving climate action, given their role in economic growth and their vulnerability to climate change.
• Integrated Approaches: Successful climate initiatives often involve partnerships between governments, development partners, and the private sector.
• Innovation and Technology: Smart systems, green technologies, and nature-based solutions are being leveraged to enhance resilience and reduce emissions.
• Co-Benefits: Climate actions deliver multiple benefits, including economic growth, improved public health, and social inclusion.
• Adaptation and Mitigation: Cities are adopting both adaptation and mitigation strategies to address climate change, with a focus on renewable energy, efficient transport, and sustainable land use.

Key Information

• The region is home to 20 of the world's 33 megacities, with an expected increase to 27 by 2030.
• The PRC has set a target of blending 10% ethanol into gasoline nationwide, aiming to reduce transport emissions.
• Azerbaijan plans to triple its renewable energy capacity, aiming for a 30% share of total installed power capacity by 2030.
• Navoi, Uzbekistan, will host a 100 MW solar park, reducing annual CO₂ emissions by 140,000 tons.
• ADB plays a critical role in supporting climate actions through technical assistance, financing, and collaboration with local governments and stakeholders.

Conclusion

This publication serves as a comprehensive guide to climate action in urban areas across Asia and the Pacific. It highlights the diversity of approaches and the importance of local initiatives in achieving global climate goals. ADB aims to inspire further innovation and support cities in their transition to sustainable, low-carbon, and resilient urban development.