2025年全球能源回顾报告_43页_1mb

Global Energy Review 2025 Summary

Core Content

The Global Energy Review 2025, published by the International Energy Agency (IEA), provides a comprehensive overview of energy trends and developments in 2024. It highlights how energy demand, supply, and carbon emissions evolved globally, with a focus on the role of clean energy technologies in shaping these changes.

Main Viewpoints

1. Global Energy Demand Growth

• Global energy demand grew by 2.2% in 2024, faster than the average rate over the past decade.
• Electricity demand surged by 4.3%, driven by cooling needs, industrial consumption, electrification of transport, and the expansion of data centres and AI.
• The power sector accounted for three-fifths of the total increase in global energy demand.
• Emerging and developing economies accounted for over 80% of the global energy demand growth, with China and India being the largest contributors.
• China’s electricity demand growth was over half of the global increase, and its energy demand growth slowed to under 3% in 2024, down from 2023 levels.
• India’s energy demand growth was the second-largest in absolute terms, exceeding that of all advanced economies combined.
• Advanced economies also saw a return to growth after years of decline, with electricity demand reaching a new high.

2. Fuel-Specific Trends

• Oil demand growth slowed to 0.8%, the lowest since 2019, with oil's share of total energy demand falling below 30% for the first time.
• Natural gas demand rose by 2.7%, reaching a new all-time high, with growth concentrated in Asia and the U.S.
• Coal demand increased by 1%, but the growth rate has slowed after a strong post-pandemic rebound.
• Non-fossil energy sources (renewables, nuclear, bioenergy, and waste) saw the highest growth, contributing over 5% to global energy supply and nearly half of the total energy demand growth.

3. Renewable Energy Expansion

• Solar PV and wind were the main drivers of renewable growth, with solar PV accounting for nearly 80% of new renewable installations.
• Renewables accounted for 32% of total electricity generation, and together with nuclear, contributed 40% of total generation for the first time.
• In China, India, and the EU, the share of electricity generated from renewables and nuclear exceeded that of fossil fuels in some regions.

4. CO₂ Emissions

• Global energy-related CO₂ emissions rose by 0.8% in 2024, but at a slower rate than 2023.
• Record-high temperatures contributed significantly to emissions growth, with the impact being around half of the total increase.
• The deployment of clean energy technologies since 2019 has prevented 2.6 billion tonnes of CO₂ emissions annually.
• Advanced economies saw a 1.1% decline in emissions, while China’s per capita emissions are 16% higher than those of advanced economies.

5. Structural and Regional Trends

• The global economy grew by 3.2% in 2024, close to its pre-pandemic average.
• Energy intensity improvements slowed, with a 1% annual rate in 2024, down from 2% in the previous decade.
• China and India saw faster energy intensity improvements, though still below pre-pandemic levels.
• Nuclear power added 7 GW of capacity in 2024, with a 100 TWh increase in generation, the largest this century outside of the post-Covid rebound.
• Nuclear and renewables contributed to a 2.1% improvement in CO₂ intensity per unit of economic activity.

Key Information

Energy Demand and Sources

• Electricity demand growth was the fastest, outpacing both overall energy demand and GDP.
• Renewables accounted for 38% of the growth in energy supply, followed by natural gas (28%), coal (15%), oil (11%), and nuclear (8%).
• China and India were the main drivers of energy demand growth in 2024, with China accounting for more than half of the global electricity demand increase.

Regional Highlights

• Advanced economies saw a return to growth in energy demand after a two-year decline, with the US and EU leading the way.
• China experienced a slowdown in oil demand growth, while India and Southeast Asia saw significant increases.
• Africa and Latin America had uneven demand growth, with Brazil being the primary driver in Latin America.

Technology and Policy Impact

• Electric vehicles (EVs) and heat pumps contributed to the rise in electricity demand, with EV sales surpassing 17 million units in 2024.
• Nuclear power saw a 50% increase in construction starts in 2024, using Chinese and Russian designs.
• Clean energy technologies are increasingly replacing fossil fuels, helping to slow emissions growth.

Emissions and Climate Impact

• Global CO₂ emissions from the energy sector reached a new record in 2024.
• Weather effects, particularly high temperatures, played a significant role in driving emissions, contributing around half of the increase.
• Energy efficiency improvements slowed, with energy intensity rising slightly in advanced economies due to higher electricity demand.

Conclusion

2024 marked a year of accelerating energy demand driven by structural trends like electrification, digitalisation, and increased industrial activity. While oil demand slowed, natural gas and renewables emerged as key growth areas. Electricity demand surged, largely supported by low-emission sources, and CO₂ emissions grew but at a slower pace due to the adoption of clean technologies. China and India were central to these trends, contributing significantly to both demand and emissions growth, while advanced economies saw a return to growth and a decline in emissions. The IEA continues to emphasize the importance of clean energy and policy support in shaping a more sustainable energy future.