2013年-世界发展银行全球_Kingdom_of_Morocco___Climate_Change_Strategy_Notes_11页_415kb

Kingdom of Morocco Climate Change Strategy Notes Summary

Core Content

This document outlines the World Bank's Program of Economic and Sector Work (P-ESW, P113768) aimed at supporting Morocco's Climate Change Strategy. It includes a series of strategy notes covering various aspects of climate change policy, including public expenditure, legal frameworks, social impacts, economic implications, vulnerability indices, and mitigation actions. The work was conducted in collaboration with multiple Moroccan ministries and agencies, with a focus on improving policy coherence, efficiency, and institutional capacity.

Main Objectives

• Institutional and Policy Framework: Establish a robust legal and institutional foundation for climate change policies.
• Decision Support Tools: Develop tools for assessing and managing climate change impacts.
• Costing Impacts and Policies: Quantify the financial implications of climate change and associated mitigation and adaptation measures.

Key Deliverables

Main Points and Findings

2.1 Climate Change Public Expenditure and Institutional Review

• The Government's climate change strategy is embedded in a context of limited resources and competing development priorities.
• The PEIR aimed to clarify and quantify climate-related expenditures across sectors, assess their alignment with policy objectives, and evaluate institutional capacity.
• Key findings included the need for improved efficiency in public spending, the importance of integrating climate considerations into the Medium Term Expenditure Framework (MTEF), and the role of the National Plan Against Global Warming in attracting climate finance.

2.2 Establishing a Legal Framework for Climate Policy

• A strong legal framework is essential for effective climate policy implementation.
• The Department of Environment should be strengthened to manage greenhouse gas emissions and related policies.
• The legal basis for incentives in renewable energy, energy efficiency, and stakeholder participation needs to be defined.
• The Government should enhance its engagement in international and regional climate cooperation.

2.3 Poverty and Social Impacts of Morocco's Energy Strategy

• Morocco's energy strategy focuses on reducing dependency on imported energy, promoting renewables, and improving energy access.
• A CGE model (MANAGE) was used to assess the macroeconomic and sectoral impacts of the strategy.
• Removing energy subsidies could reduce short-term growth but increase long-term efficiency and growth.
• Subsidy removal may have adverse effects on poor households, necessitating enhanced social safety nets.
• A fixed exchange rate policy may not be compatible with subsidy reduction due to inflationary pressures.

2.4 Economy-wide Impacts of Climate Change: Agriculture Component

• Agriculture is a key driver of Morocco's economic growth, with a strong correlation between agricultural GDP and overall economic growth.
• Climate change threatens agricultural productivity, which in turn affects the broader economy.
• The study used a CGE model to simulate the effects of climate scenarios (A2 and B2) and CO2 fertilization assumptions on agricultural output and economic performance.
• The results showed that climate change could lead to substantial GDP declines and widespread sectoral impacts, especially under the worst-case scenario.
• Timely policy and investment responses can help mitigate these effects.

2.5 Climate Vulnerability Index for Morocco's Regions

• A Climate Vulnerability Index (CEVI) was proposed to assess regional vulnerabilities to climate change.
• Two models were analyzed: the Environmental Vulnerability Index (EVI) and the Mapping of Climate Vulnerability (CVCC).
• The EVI was found to be more suitable for Morocco due to data availability constraints.
• The EVI includes 50 indicators across five categories: meteorological, geological, geographical, regional characteristics, and anthropogenic.
• The study recommends the systematic application of the EVI across all regions and the establishment of Environmental Observatories.

2.6 Climate Proofing Morocco's Fisheries Strategy

• Climate change poses both direct and indirect threats to fisheries, including changes in fish distribution, productivity, and ecosystem health.
• Morocco's fisheries are relatively well-managed compared to other MENA countries.
• The 'Plan Halieutis' (Plan Maroc Bleu) aims to adapt the fisheries sector to climate change.
• The study emphasizes the need for a multi-pronged approach, including better enforcement of quotas and control measures.
• An integrated adaptation roadmap is proposed, involving cross-sectoral partnerships and stakeholder engagement.

2.7 GHG Accounting: From Inventories to Information Systems

• Morocco currently relies on periodic outsourcing for GHG inventories, which limits its ability to monitor and assess emissions.
• A permanent GHG Monitoring and Information System is recommended to improve data availability and policy assessment.
• The report includes an institutional feasibility analysis and a detailed action plan for setting up such a system.

2.8 Solar, Wind and Solid Waste NAMAs: Background Notes

• The document provides background on three NAMA programs: Wind, Solar, and Municipal Solid Waste.
• These programs are part of Morocco's national initiatives with significant mitigation potential.
• The proposals summarize the characteristics, implementation stages, partners, emission reduction scenarios, and financing arrangements for each program.
• Financing gaps and possible scenarios for funding support are also outlined.