联合国-能源统计口袋书2021（英文）-2021.3-80页_9mb

Energy Statistics Pocketbook Summary (2021)

Core Content

This document provides an overview of global energy statistics from 1990 to 2018, focusing on total energy supply, primary energy production, and electricity generation. It is part of a series published by the United Nations Department of Economic and Social Affairs (UNSD) and serves as a resource for understanding energy trends and their implications for sustainable development.

Main Points

• Total Energy Supply (TES):

  • Global TES increased by 65.6% from 1990 to 2018, reaching 594 EJ.
  • Asia accounted for 82.1% of the global growth in TES during the period.
  • China alone contributed over a fifth of the world's TES in 2018, with its TES more than quadrupling.
  • The European share of world TES almost halved from 35.2% in 1990 to 18.4% in 2018.
  • The United States saw a 6.7 percentage point drop in its share of world TES, from 27.2% to 15.7%.
  • International bunkers increased by nearly doubling from 8.7 EJ in 1990 to 17.3 EJ in 2018.

• Energy Intensity:

  • Energy intensity (GJ per thousand international $) was 4.8 globally in 2018.
  • Iceland had the highest energy intensity at 18.5, followed by Trinidad and Tobago at 19.6 and Qatar at 650.4.

• Primary Energy Production:

  • Global primary energy production reached 599.9 EJ in 2018, with a 3.1% increase over 2017 and a 65.6% increase compared to 1990.
  • The top three energy sources were oil, coal, and natural gas, collectively representing 82.1% of total primary energy production, with little change since 1990.
  • China and the United States together produced over 55% of global coal, with China alone accounting for 46.6%.
  • The United States was the top oil producer in 2018, followed by Saudi Arabia and the Russian Federation.
  • The top five natural gas producers were the United States, Russian Federation, Iran, Canada, and Qatar, collectively producing over 55% of global natural gas.

• Regional Energy Production Trends:

  • Asia (excluding China) saw the most significant growth in primary energy production, from 64.0 EJ in 1990 to 172.3 EJ in 2018.
  • China had the largest absolute increase in coal production, rising from 23.1 EJ in 1990 to 76.9 EJ in 2018.
  • Europe experienced a slight decline in natural gas production from 27.5 EJ in 1990 to 30.7 EJ in 2018.
  • Oceania had a steady increase in primary energy production, from 1.5 EJ in 1990 to 18.2 EJ in 2018.

• Electricity Generation:

  • Global electricity generation increased by 122% from 1990 to 2018, reaching 26,626 TWh.
  • Coal and natural gas had the largest absolute growth in electricity generation, with coal increasing by 129% and natural gas by 245%.
  • Renewables (solar, wind, and other sources) showed the fastest growth, increasing by 3,091% or 1,901 TWh.
  • Non-renewable sources (thermal and nuclear) accounted for 74.6% of global electricity generation in 2018, with thermal contributing 64.4% and nuclear 10.2%.
  • Renewable electricity accounted for 57.8% of global electricity capacity additions over the past eight years, reaching 2,474 GW in 2018.

Key Information

• The data are sourced from the United Nations Energy Statistics Database and are presented in both basic indicator formats and detailed formats for over 200 countries and territories.
• The publication includes visualizations to illustrate trends, dependencies, and distributions that standard data tables cannot convey.
• China and the United States are the leading producers in most categories, highlighting their significant role in global energy markets.
• The United Nations provides the data and is committed to the 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development and the Paris Agreement through accurate energy statistics.
• The Energy Statistics Section of UNSD is responsible for compiling the data and designing the publication.

Additional Notes

• The document includes disclaimer information regarding the legal status of countries and the statistical representation of regions.
• Contact information is provided for feedback and inquiries: energy_stat@un.org.
• The publication is part of a series that includes the Energy Statistics Yearbook, Energy Balances, and Electricity Profiles.