2025-02-16-OECD-_数据监管的经济影响_平衡开放与信任_64页_1mb

Economic Implications of Data Regulation: Summary

This report analyzes the economic effects of data regulation, including data flow restrictions and data localization, emphasizing the balance between openness and trust in digital trade. Key findings include:

• Data Flow Regulation:

  • No regulation reduces global GDP by nearly 1% due to trust losses.
  • Balanced regimes (e.g., open safeguards) boost GDP by 1.77% and exports by 3.6%.
  • Full fragmentation (data autarky) could reduce GDP by 4.5% and exports by 8.5%.

• Data Localization:

  • Removing localization increases GDP and exports by small percentages (0.18%–0.26%), with larger gains for low-income economies.
  • Strict vs. targeted measures differ in cost: unrestricted localisation is nearly nine times more costly than sector-specific prohibitions.

• Policy Implications:

  • Global, balanced approaches to data regulation maximize economic benefits.
  • Avoid restrictive policies to prevent inefficiencies and support international trade in an era of digital fragmentation.