2010-09-14-皮尤-Muslim_Networks_and_Movements_in_Western_Europe_63页_2mb

Muslim Networks and Movements in Western Europe: Report Summary

Introduction

• Background: Since the 1960s, large Muslim populations have grown across Western Europe, rising to around 17 million by 2010.
• Report Objectives: Profiles eight influential Muslim groups (Gülen Movement, Muslim Brotherhood, Jama’at-i Islami, Muslim World League, Hizb ut-Tahrir, Sufi Orders, Tablighi Jama’at, Religious Scholars Networks) to understand their roles in society and Europe.
• Key Questions: Do these movements promote terrorism or radicalism? Do they encourage integration or segregation?

Major Findings

1. Diversity of Movements

   • Groups vary in size, ideology, and influence.
   • Movements range from secular-modern (Gülen) to radical political (Hizb ut-Tahrir) and mystical/traditional (Sufi Orders).

2. Integration vs. Radicalism

   • Some groups (e.g., Muslim Brotherhood) promote Islamic governance, while others (e.g.,Tablighi Jama’at) focus on personal piety.
   • Media, civil society, and governments often categorize them together, but their goals change across generations.

3. Transnational Influence

   • All groups have international roots (e.g., Gülen, Muslim Brotherhood) and networks. Most operate across Europe, often adapting to local contexts.
   • Government collaboration: Groups engage with authorities on counter-extremism and identity preservation.

4. Use of New Media

   • Digital tools (e.g., YouTube, social media) help spread messages but don’t always foster unity.
   • Groups compete to appeal to youth, leading to fragmentation and debates over authenticity.

Key Trends and Challenges

• Generational Shift: Younger Muslims yew demand relevance to local issues, not just “Islamic” identities.
• Intolerance Concerns: Some groups are criticized for hybrid identities, anti-Semitism, or extremist rhetoric.
• Clandestine Perceptions: Lack of transparency (e.g., Gülen, Hizb ut-Tahrir) fuels suspicion.
• Counter-Radicalization: Governments invest in educational programs, but debates arise on balancing religious freedoms with anti-terrorism policies.

Concluding Remarks

• Muslim Europe includes diverse groups: from activists to quiet worshippers.
• Transnational ties shape movement evolution, yet local adaptation defines success.
• Cultivating educated Muslim elites aligns with European politics but sparks debates on modernity and religion.

Methodology
This summarizes report data through analysis of goal, funding, networks, influences, and supporter profiles.