2010-02-03-皮尤-Mixed_Views_of_Hamas_and_Hezbollah_in_Largely_Muslim_Nations_42页_529kb

Analysis: Pew Research Center's Report on Muslim Views (February 2010)

Overview

The 2010 Pew Global Attitudes Project explored Muslim views on extremist groups, religious conflicts, political leaders, and education across six predominantly Muslim nations (Egypt, Indonesia, Jordan, Lebanon, Pakistan, Turkey) and the Palestinian territories. Key findings indicate generally negative views of Hamas and Hezbollah, divided opinions on political leaders, and widespread sectarian concerns.

Key Findings

Views of Extremist Groups

• Hamas and Hezbollah: Both groups are viewed unfavorably in most surveyed countries. Support varies by region with higher views in the Middle East and lower elsewhere. In Lebanon, Hezbollah views are polarized along religious lines (Shia majority positive, Sunni majority negative).
• Declining support for extremism and reduced confidence in Osama bin Laden noted across most Muslim populations.

Political Leaders

• Abdullah (Saudi King): Highly popular in Jordan (92%) and Egypt (83%), but support declined in Türkiye and was lowest among certain Lebanese/Saudi Shia populations.
• Nasrallah (Hezbollah leader) and Abbas (Palestinian Authority President): Faced declining confidence compared to 2007, especially in neighboring Middle Eastern nations.
• Netanyahu (Israeli PM): Widely distrusted among predominantly Muslim publics; opposed views persisted despite varied unfamiliarity.
• Support for leaders like Hamid Karzai and Mahmoud Ahmadinejad was widely lacking, often excluding respondents from refusing assessments.

Sectarian Divisions

• Sunni-Shia Tensions: Perceived as a broader Muslim-world problem in most surveyed nations, with significant divisions in Lebanon, Iraq (among Muslims), and elsewhere, yet divided opinions in Indonesia.
• In Lebanon, rifts have sharpened over U.S. views and Hamas/Hezbollah, showing increased polarization.

Views on Modernization vs. Fundamentalism

• Many Muslims (e.g., Lebanon, Türkiye, Pakistan) believe a struggle exists between modernizers and fundamentalists. In Lebanon and Israel, modernizers were preferred, while Indonesia saw equal division.
• Decreasing belief in a modern-fundamentalist struggle noted in some nations like Egypt and Jordan.

Education Opinions

• Most surveyed nations (including Indonesia, Jordan,
  Pakistan) expressed high support for equal education of girls and boys. In Nigeria, movements toward egalitarian views were observed but separated by religious lines.

Data Limitations

Topline results are provided with margin of error. Methodologies may differ from earlier surveys, and some survey data excludes certain contexts (e.g., urban bias in historical Pakistan data). Some responses reflect unfamiliarity.

Conclusion

The report suggests a troubling decline in enthusiasm for major extremist and political figures among Muslim-majority publics, alongside deep and growing divisions within Muslim societies over issues of leadership, identity, and values. Context-specific data appears necessary to track local trends and mitigate regional imbalances in representation.

Source: Pew Research Center Global Attitudes Project, 2010.