2012年-世界发展银行全球_Metro_Manila_Water_Security_Study_174页_11mb

Metro Manila Water Security Study Summary

Core Content

This report is a final study on water security in Metro Manila, conducted by CTI Engineering International Co., Ltd. in association with Woodfields Consultants, Inc. It was commissioned by the Metropolitan Waterworks and Sewerage System (MWSS) and supported by the World Bank with a grant from AusAID. The study aimed to address the growing water demand in Metro Manila, which is one of the fastest-growing urban centers in the world, serving an estimated 15 million residents in 2010.

Main Objectives

• Review the overall water resources management activities
• Update the water demand projections
• Provide a new road map for water supply by assessing previous studies and proposals for alternative water sources

Study Area

The study area includes the MWSS Service Area and the river basins where alternative water sources have been proposed. It spans across the National Capital Region (NCR), Rizal Province, and parts of Cavite and Batangas Provinces.

Sub-Areas

• MWSS Service Area
  • East Zone: 1,830 km²
  • West Zone: 540 km²
• Proposed Alternative Water Sources
  • Agos River Basin: 940 km²
  • Laguna Lake Basin: 3,280 km²
  • Marikina River Basin: 540 km²
  • Angat River Basin: 1,085 km²
• Total Study Area: 8,215 km²

Socio-Economic Conditions

Population

• The total population of the study area increased from 12,512,594 in 1980 to 27,607,643 in 2007, representing a 121% increase.
• The highest growth rates are observed in NCR, Rizal, Cavite, and Bulacan, while the lowest is in Quezon.
• By 2040, the total projected population of the study area is 47,351,600, which is 33% of the national population.

Population Density

• NCR has the highest population density at 18,670 persons/km², significantly higher than the national average of 258 persons/km².
• Aurora has the lowest population density at 60 persons/km², followed by Quezon at 183 persons/km².

Population Projection

• The MWSS Service Area is projected to have more than 19 million residents by 2037.
• Table 2.3 provides the projected population for the study area by region and year.

Current Water Supply System

Water Supply System for MWSS Service Area

• The Angat Reservoir is the primary water source, providing about 97% of the water supply.
• The system includes raw water sources, transmission systems, and water supply from the Angat-Umiray system.
• The Angat-Umiray system has faced issues such as siltation, which has reduced its storage capacity, and the impact of El Nino events, which have caused droughts.

Water Shortage and Conflicts

• Water shortages have occurred due to decreasing effective reservoir capacity and droughts.
• Conflicts have arisen among water users due to the limited supply from the Angat Reservoir.

Institutional Issues

• The existing organizational structures for water supply have been reviewed.
• Issues related to water supply in an institutional context have been identified.
• A proposed institutional arrangement has been suggested to improve water management and allocation.

Water Demand Projection

Domestic Water Demand

• Per capita domestic water demand is projected to increase over time.
• The study includes population and coverage projections, which affect the total domestic water demand.

Commercial and Industrial Water Demand

• Actual consumption in the MWSS Service Area is analyzed.
• Demand projections for commercial and industrial sectors are provided.

Non-Revenue Water (NRW)

• Previous NRW and improvements in reducing it are reviewed.
• A target NRW rate is proposed to enhance water efficiency.

Total Water Demand Projection

• The study provides a total water demand projection for the MWSS Service Area from 2010 to 2037.
• It includes buffer-operational demand and treated water distribution.

Alternative Water Sources

Possible Water Sources

• Marine/Coastal Water
• Rain Water

Fresh Surface Water Sources

• Proposed sources include the Laguna Lake, Wawa, Kaliwa, Kanan, and Agos rivers.
• Development plans for these sources are outlined.

Evaluation of Alternative Water Sources

• Cost estimation, financial analysis, and unit water cost are evaluated.
• Environmental and social conditions of each water source are assessed.
• Economic analysis and environmental management plans are provided.

Road Map

Conditions of Water Source Development Plan

• The study outlines the conditions for the development of new water sources.
• It includes screening, selection, and prioritization of large-scale water source development projects.

Water Source Development Plan

• Scenarios for water source development are presented.
• The study concludes with recommendations for the development of alternative water sources.
• A road map for implementing these scenarios is provided.

Key Tables and Figures

• Tables:

  • Table 1.1: Study Area
  • Table 2.1: Population and Growth Rate
  • Table 2.2: Population Density
  • Table 2.3: Projected Population by 5-year Interval
  • Table 2.4: Projected Population in MWSS Service Area
  • Table 4.1: Per Capita Domestic Water Demand Projection
  • Table 5.1: Recent Desalination Projects
  • Table 5.2: Summary of the Proposed New Water Sources
  • Table 5.3: Selected New Water Sources
  • Table 5.4: Water Rights Granted
  • Table 5.5: Laiban Dam Major Project Components
  • Table 5.6: Kanan No. 2 Major Project Components
  • Table 5.7: Kaliwa Low Dam Major Project Components
  • Table 5.8: Agos Dam Major Project Components
  • Table 5.9: Specific Locations of Water Sources
  • Table 5.10: Construction Stages of Sierra Madre Hydropower and Bulk Water Supply Project
  • Table 5.11: Wawa Water Supply Project Implementing Schedule
  • Table 5.12: Main Features of Marikina Multipurpose Dam
  • Table 5.13: Main Features of Dam for Proposed Water Source
  • Table 5.14: Proposed Water Source and Expected Implementation Period
  • Table 5.15: Major Features of Three Large Dam Projects
  • Table 5.16: Proposed Water Source Development Cost
  • Table 5.17: Annual O & M Cost
  • Table 5.18: Capital Investment for Raw Water
  • Table 5.19: Capital Investment for Treated Water
  • Table 5.20: Financial Internal Rate of Return (FIRR)
  • Table 5.21: Unit Cost for Raw Water
  • Table 5.22: Unit Cost for Treated Water
  • Table 5.23: Long Run Average Cost
  • Table 5.24: Economic Indicators and Sensitivity Analysis
  • Table 5.25: Project Thresholds under DENR Administrative Order
  • Table 5.26: Procedures of ECC
  • Table 5.27: Assessment of Available Environment-Related Documents for Water Source
  • Table 5.28: DENR Requirements for Each Water Source
  • Table 5.29: Status of ECC and Water Rights Acquisition
  • Table 5.30: Tributary Rivers of Laguna Lake
  • Table 5.31: Critical Environmental Issues and Recommended Environmental Management Plan
  • Table 5.32: Balintingon Dam Service Area
  • Table 5.33: Present Land Use in Project Area
  • Table 5.34: Land Use and Cost in Inundation Area
  • Table 5.35: Socio-Economic Condition of the Project Areas
  • Table 5.36: Land Use and Human Settlements of PIZ
  • Table 5.37: Project Affected Population and Barangays
  • Table 5.38: Resettlement Cost Estimation (1994)
  • Table 5.39: Socio-Economic Condition of the Project Areas
  • Table 5.40: Land Use and Human Settlements of PIZ
  • Table 5.41: Project Affected Population and Barangays
  • Table 5.42: Resettlement Cost Estimation (1994)
  • Table 5.43: Population and Land Area
  • Table 5.44: Population Projection and Growth Rate
  • Table 5.45: Project Area Barangays and Population
  • Table 5.46: Project Affected Population
  • Table 5.47: Project Affected Families (2011)
  • Table 5.48: Preliminary Estimate of Resettlement and Compensation Cost
  • Table 5.49: Project Affected Families and Population in 2003 and 2011

• Figures:

  • Figure 1.1: Study Area
  • Figure 3.1: Water Transmission System to MWSS Service Area
  • Figure 3.2: Monthly Flow Rate of Angat Dam Reservoir and Umiray River
  • Figure 3.3: Annual Average Inflow Discharge from Angat River Basin into Angat Dam Reservoir
  • Figure 3.4: Annual Released Water from Angat Dam and Production in MWSS Service Area
  • Figure 3.5: Elevation - Volume Curve of Angat Reservoir
  • Figure 3.6: Seasonal Rainfall in Three Future Times
  • Figure 3.7: Monthly Runoff Volume in 1971-2000 and 2006-2035
  • Figure 3.8: Monthly Mean Water Supply Volume from Angat-Umiray System to MWSS
  • Figure 3.9: Mean Monthly Water Supply Volume from Angat-Umiray System to AMRIS
  • Figure 3.10: Conceptual Diagram of Storage Volume of Angat Dam Reservoir
  • Figure 3.11: Existing Organization Structure for Water Allocation of Angat-Umiray System
  • Figure 3.12: Organization Structure of MWSS
  • Figure 4.1: Yearly Variation of Lpcd
  • Figure 4.2: Actual Water Consumption - Commercial and Industrial
  • Figure 4.3: Improvement of NRW Rate 1998 to 2010
  • Figure 4.4: Total Water Demand Projection (2010 to 2037)
  • Figure 5.1: Locations of Water Sources
  • Figure 5.2: Locations of Water Source and Main Structures
  • Figure 5.3: Alternative Sites of Marikina Dam
  • Figure 5.4: Implementation Period of Water Source Project
  • Figure 5.5: Existing Land Use Map of the Study Areas
  • Figure 5.6: Land Cover Map of the Study Areas
  • Figure 5.7: Active Fault and Trench Map
  • Figure 5.8: Location of Selected Sampling Stations in Laguna Lake
  • Figure 5.9: Location of Proposed Water Sources and Approved CADT Area
  • Figure 5.10: 100 MLD Putatan Water Treatment Plant (Covered Barangays)
  • Figure 6.1: Annual Water Demand and Present Supply Capacity
  • Figure 6.2: Locations of Three Large Dams
  • Figure 6.3: Off-take Point and Water Transmission Scheme of Three Large Dams
  • Figure 6.4: Water Source Development Scheme
  • Figure 6.5: Road Map of Scenario 1
  • Figure 6.6: Road Map of Scenario 2

Key Acronyms and Abbreviations

• ADB: Asian Development Bank
• AusAID: Australian Agency for International Development
• MWSS: Metropolitan Waterworks and Sewerage System
• NCR: National Capital Region
• MWCI: Manila Water Company Inc.
• MWSI: Maynilad Water Service Inc.
• NRW: Non-Revenue Water
• ECC: Environmental Compliance Certificate
• EIA: Environmental Impact Assessment
• EMP: Environmental Management Plan
• FIRR: Financial Internal Rate of Return
• Lpcd: Liters per capita-day
• MLD: Million liters per day
• MCM: Million cubic meters
• O&M: Operation and Maintenance
• PAF: Project Affected Family
• PAP: Project Affected People
• CADT: Certificate of Ancestral Domain Title
• CALT: Certificate of Ancestral Land Title
• FGD: Focus Group Discussion
• FPIC: Free and Prior Informed Consent
• GCM: Global Circulation Model
• GDP: Gross Domestic Product
• GVA: Gross Value Added
• IWRM: Integrated Water Resources Management
• IWRM-PRB: Integrated Water Resource Management for Poverty Alleviation and Economic Development in the Pampanga River Basin
• NWRB: National Water Resources Board
• PIZ: Primary Impact Zone
• RAP: Resettlement Action Plan
• RA: Republic Act
• PD: Presidential Decree
• NSO: National Statistics Office
• DENR: Department of Environment and Natural Resources
• DOH: Department of Health
• DOST: Department of Science and Technology
• DSWD: Department of Social Welfare and Development
• DOF: Department of Finance
• DPWH: Department of Public Works and Highways
• MGB: Mines and Geosciences Bureau
• NEDA: National Economic Development Authority
• NIA: National Irrigation Administration
• NPC: National Power Corporation
• PHIVOLCS: Philippine Institute of Volcanology and Seismology
• PAGASA: Philippine Atmospheric, Geophysical and Astronomical Services Administration
• JICA: Japan International Cooperation Agency
• UNDP: United Nations Development Programme
• WBP: Water Supply and Bulk Water Project
• WTP: Water Treatment Plant
• DSW: Department of Social Welfare
• FGD: Focus Group Discussion
• B/C: Benefit/Cost Ratio
• TOR: Terms of Reference
• TWG: Technical Working Group
• SC: Steering Committee
• STM: Stakeholder's Meeting
• STW: Stakeholder's Workshop
• AMRIS: Angat-Maasim River Irrigation System
• AWUAIP: Angat Water Utilization & Aqueduct Improvement Project
• AWOP: Angat Water Supply Optimization Project
• ECC: Environmental Compliance Certificate
• EIRR: Economic Internal Rate of Return
• EIS: Environmental Impact Statement
• EIC: Environmental Information Center
• EIC: Environmental Information Center
• GCM: Global Circulation Model
• GIS: Geographical Information Systems
• GDP: Gross Domestic Product
• GNP: Gross National Product
• IWRM: Integrated Water Resources Management
• Lpcd: Liters per capita-day
• MLD: Million liters per day
• MCM: Million cubic meters
• O&M: Operation and Maintenance
• PAF: Project Affected Family
• PAP: Project Affected People
• CADT: Certificate of Ancestral Domain Title
• CALT: Certificate of Ancestral Land Title
• FGD: Focus Group Discussion
• FPIC: Free and Prior Informed Consent
• GCM: Global Circulation Model
• GDP: Gross Domestic Product
• GVA: Gross Value Added
• IWRM: Integrated Water Resources Management
• IWRM-PRB: Integrated Water Resource Management for Poverty Alleviation and Economic Development in the Pampanga River Basin
• NWRB: National Water Resources Board
• PIZ: Primary Impact Zone
• RAP: Resettlement Action Plan
• RA: Republic Act
• PD: Presidential Decree
• NSO: National Statistics Office
• DENR: Department of Environment and Natural Resources
• DOH: Department of Health
• DOST: Department of Science and Technology
• DSWD: Department of Social Welfare and Development
• DOF: Department of Finance
• DPWH: Department of Public Works and Highways
• MGB: Mines and Geosciences Bureau
• NEDA: National Economic Development Authority
• NIA: National Irrigation Administration
• NPC: National Power Corporation
• PHIVOLCS: Philippine Institute of Volcanology and Seismology
• PAGASA: Philippine Atmospheric, Geophysical and Astronomical Services Administration
• JICA: Japan International Cooperation Agency
• UNDP: United Nations Development Programme
• WBP: Water Supply and Bulk Water Project
• WTP: Water Treatment Plant
• DSW: Department of Social Welfare
• FGD: Focus Group Discussion
• B/C: Benefit/Cost Ratio
• TOR: Terms of Reference
• TWG: Technical Working Group
• SC: Steering Committee
• STM: Stakeholder's Meeting
• STW: Stakeholder's Workshop
• AMRIS: Angat-Maasim River Irrigation System
• AWUAIP: Angat Water Utilization & Aqueduct Improvement Project
• AWOP: Angat Water Supply Optimization Project
• ECC: Environmental Compliance Certificate
• EIRR: Economic Internal Rate of Return
• EIS: Environmental Impact Statement
• EIC: Environmental Information Center
• GCM: Global Circulation Model
• GIS: Geographical Information Systems
• GDP: Gross Domestic Product
• GVA: Gross Value Added
• IWRM: Integrated Water Resources Management
• IWRM-PRB: Integrated Water Resource Management for Poverty Alleviation and Economic Development in the Pampanga River Basin
• NWRB: National Water Resources Board
• PIZ: Primary Impact Zone
• RAP: Resettlement Action Plan
• RA: Republic Act
• PD: Presidential Decree
• NSO: National Statistics Office
• DENR: Department of Environment and Natural Resources
• DOH: Department of Health
• DOST: Department of Science and Technology
• DSWD: Department of Social Welfare and Development
• DOF: Department of Finance
• DPWH: Department of Public Works and Highways
• MGB: Mines and Geosciences Bureau
• NEDA: National Economic Development Authority
• NIA: National Irrigation Administration
• NPC: National Power Corporation
• PHIVOLCS: Philippine Institute of Volcanology and Seismology
• PAGASA: Philippine Atmospheric, Geophysical and Astronomical Services Administration
• JICA: Japan International Cooperation Agency
• UNDP: United Nations Development Programme
• WBP: Water Supply and Bulk Water Project
• WTP: Water Treatment Plant
• DSW: Department of Social Welfare
• FGD: Focus Group Discussion
• B/C: Benefit/Cost Ratio
• TOR: Terms of Reference
• TWG: Technical Working Group
• SC: Steering Committee
• STM: Stakeholder's Meeting
• STW: Stakeholder's Workshop
• AMRIS: Angat-Maasim River Irrigation System
• AWUAIP: Angat Water Utilization & Aqueduct Improvement Project
• AWOP: Angat Water Supply Optimization Project
• ECC: Environmental Compliance Certificate
• EIRR: Economic Internal Rate of Return
• EIS: Environmental Impact Statement
• EIC: Environmental Information Center
• GCM: Global Circulation Model
• GIS: Geographical Information Systems
• GDP: Gross Domestic Product
• GVA: Gross Value Added
• IWRM: Integrated Water Resources Management
• IWRM-PRB: Integrated Water Resource Management for Poverty Alleviation and Economic Development in the Pampanga River Basin
• NWRB: National Water Resources Board
• PIZ: Primary Impact Zone
• RAP: Resettlement Action Plan
• RA: Republic Act
• PD: Presidential Decree
• NSO: National Statistics Office
• DENR: Department of Environment and Natural Resources
• DOH: Department of Health
• DOST: Department of Science and Technology
• DSWD: Department of Social Welfare and Development
• DOF: Department of Finance
• DPWH: Department of Public Works and Highways
• MGB: Mines and Geosciences Bureau
• NEDA: National Economic Development Authority
• NIA: National Irrigation Administration
• NPC: National Power Corporation
• PHIVOLCS: Philippine Institute of Volcanology and Seismology
• PAGASA: Philippine Atmospheric, Geophysical and Astronomical Services Administration
• JICA: Japan International Cooperation Agency
• UNDP: United Nations Development Programme
• WBP: Water Supply and Bulk Water Project
• WTP: Water Treatment Plant
• DSW: Department of Social Welfare
• FGD: Focus Group Discussion
• B/C: Benefit/Cost Ratio
• TOR: Terms of Reference
• TWG: Technical Working Group
• SC: Steering Committee
• STM: Stakeholder's Meeting
• STW: Stakeholder's Workshop
• AMRIS: Angat-Maasim River Irrigation System
• AWUAIP: Angat Water Utilization & Aqueduct Improvement Project
• AWOP: Angat Water Supply Optimization Project
• ECC: Environmental Compliance Certificate
• EIRR: Economic Internal Rate of Return
• EIS: Environmental Impact Statement
• EIC: Environmental Information Center
• GCM: Global Circulation Model
• GIS: Geographical Information Systems
• GDP: Gross Domestic Product
• GVA: Gross Value Added
• IWRM: Integrated Water Resources Management
• IWRM-PRB: Integrated Water Resource Management for Poverty Alleviation and Economic Development in the Pampanga River Basin
• NWRB: National Water Resources Board
• PIZ: Primary Impact Zone
• RAP: Resettlement Action Plan
• RA: Republic Act
• PD: Presidential Decree
• NSO: National Statistics Office
• DENR: Department of Environment and Natural Resources
• DOH: Department of Health
• DOST: Department of Science and Technology
• DSWD: Department of Social Welfare and Development
• DOF: Department of Finance
• DPWH: Department of Public Works and Highways
• MGB: Mines and Geosciences Bureau
• NEDA: National Economic Development Authority
• NIA: National Irrigation Administration
• NPC: National Power Corporation
• PHIVOLCS: Philippine Institute of Volcanology and Seismology
• PAGASA: Philippine Atmospheric, Geophysical and Astronomical Services Administration
• JICA: Japan International Cooperation Agency
• UNDP: United Nations Development Programme
• WBP: Water Supply and Bulk Water Project
• WTP: Water Treatment Plant
• DSW: Department of Social Welfare
• FGD: Focus Group Discussion
• B/C: Benefit/Cost Ratio
• TOR: Terms of Reference
• TWG: Technical Working Group
• SC: Steering Committee
• STM: Stakeholder's Meeting
• STW: Stakeholder's Workshop
• AMRIS: Angat-Maasim River Irrigation System
• AWUAIP: Angat Water Utilization & Aqueduct Improvement Project
• AWOP: Angat Water Supply Optimization Project
• ECC: Environmental Compliance Certificate
• EIRR: Economic Internal Rate of Return
• EIS: Environmental Impact Statement
• EIC: Environmental Information Center
• GCM: Global Circulation Model
• GIS: Geographical Information Systems
• GDP: Gross Domestic Product
• GVA: Gross Value Added
• IWRM: Integrated Water Resources Management
• IWRM-PRB: Integrated Water Resource Management for Poverty Alleviation and Economic Development in the Pampanga River Basin
• NWRB: National Water Resources Board
• PIZ: Primary Impact Zone
• RAP: Resettlement Action Plan
• RA: Republic Act
• PD: Presidential Decree
• NSO: National Statistics Office
• DENR: Department of Environment and Natural Resources
• DOH: Department of Health
• DOST: Department of Science and Technology
• DSWD: Department of Social Welfare and Development
• DOF: Department of Finance
• DPWH: Department of Public Works and Highways
• MGB: Mines and Geosciences Bureau
• NEDA: National Economic Development Authority
• NIA: National Irrigation Administration
• NPC: National Power Corporation
• PHIVOLCS: Philippine Institute of Volcanology and Seismology
• PAGASA: Philippine Atmospheric, Geophysical and Astronomical Services Administration
• JICA: Japan International Cooperation Agency
• UNDP: United Nations Development Programme
• WBP: Water Supply and Bulk Water Project
• WTP: Water Treatment Plant
• DSW: Department of Social Welfare
• FGD: Focus Group Discussion
• B/C: Benefit/Cost Ratio
• TOR: Terms of Reference
• TWG: Technical Working Group
• SC: Steering Committee
• STM: Stakeholder's Meeting
• STW: Stakeholder's Workshop
• AMRIS: Angat-Maasim River Irrigation System
• AWUAIP: Angat Water Utilization & Aqueduct Improvement Project
• AWOP: Angat Water Supply Optimization Project
• ECC: Environmental Compliance Certificate
• EIRR: Economic Internal Rate of Return
• EIS: Environmental Impact Statement
• EIC: Environmental Information Center
• GCM: Global Circulation Model
• GIS: Geographical Information Systems
• GDP: Gross Domestic Product
• GVA: Gross Value Added
• IWRM: Integrated Water Resources Management
• IWRM-PRB: Integrated Water Resource Management for Poverty Alleviation and Economic Development in the Pampanga River Basin
• NWRB: National Water Resources Board
• PIZ: Primary Impact Zone
• RAP: Resettlement Action Plan
• RA: Republic Act
• PD: Presidential Decree
• NSO: National Statistics Office
• DENR: Department of Environment and Natural Resources
• DOH: Department of Health
• DOST: Department of Science and Technology
• DSWD: Department of Social Welfare and Development
• DOF: Department of Finance
• DPWH: Department of Public Works and Highways
• MGB: Mines and Geosciences Bureau
• NEDA: National Economic Development Authority
• NIA: National Irrigation Administration
• NPC: National Power Corporation
• PHIVOLCS: Philippine Institute of Volcanology and Seismology
• PAGASA: Philippine Atmospheric, Geophysical and Astronomical Services Administration
• JICA: Japan International Cooperation Agency
• UNDP: United Nations Development Programme
• WBP: Water Supply and Bulk Water Project
• WTP: Water Treatment Plant
• DSW: Department of Social Welfare
• FGD: Focus Group Discussion
• B/C: Benefit/Cost Ratio
• TOR: Terms of Reference
• TWG: Technical Working Group
• SC: Steering Committee
• STM: Stakeholder's Meeting
• STW: Stakeholder's Workshop
• AMRIS: Angat-Maasim River Irrigation System
• AWUAIP: Angat Water Utilization & Aqueduct Improvement Project
• AWOP: Angat Water Supply Optimization Project
• ECC: Environmental Compliance Certificate
• EIRR: Economic Internal Rate of Return
• EIS: Environmental Impact Statement
• EIC: Environmental Information Center
• GCM: Global Circulation Model
• GIS: Geographical Information Systems
• GDP: Gross Domestic Product
• GVA: Gross Value Added
• IWRM: Integrated Water Resources Management
• IWRM-PRB: Integrated Water Resource Management for Poverty Alleviation and Economic Development in the Pampanga River Basin
• NWRB: National Water Resources Board
• PIZ: Primary Impact Zone
• RAP: Resettlement Action Plan
• RA: Republic Act
• PD: Presidential Decree
• NSO: National Statistics Office
• DENR: Department of Environment and Natural Resources
• DOH: Department of Health
• DOST: Department of Science and Technology
• DSWD: Department of Social Welfare and Development
• DOF: Department of Finance
• DPWH: Department of Public Works and Highways
• MGB: Mines and Geosciences Bureau
• NEDA: National Economic Development Authority
• NIA: National Irrigation Administration
• NPC: National Power Corporation
• PHIVOLCS: Philippine Institute of Volcanology and Seismology
• PAGASA: Philippine Atmospheric, Geophysical and Astronomical Services Administration
• JICA: Japan International Cooperation Agency
• UNDP: United Nations Development Programme
• WBP: Water Supply and Bulk Water Project
• WTP: Water Treatment Plant
• DSW: Department of Social Welfare
• FGD: Focus Group Discussion
• B/C: Benefit/Cost Ratio
• TOR: Terms of Reference
• TWG: Technical Working Group
• SC: Steering Committee
• STM: Stakeholder's Meeting
• STW: Stakeholder's Workshop
• AMRIS: Angat-Maasim River Irrigation System
• AWUAIP: Angat Water Utilization & Aqueduct Improvement Project
• AWOP: Angat Water Supply Optimization Project
• ECC: Environmental Compliance Certificate
• EIRR: Economic Internal Rate of Return
• EIS: Environmental Impact Statement
• EIC: Environmental Information Center
• GCM: Global Circulation Model
• GIS: Geographical Information Systems
• GDP: Gross Domestic Product
• GVA: Gross Value Added
• IWRM: Integrated Water Resources Management
• IWRM-PRB: Integrated Water Resource Management for Poverty Alleviation and Economic Development in the Pampanga River Basin
• NWRB: National Water Resources Board
• PIZ: Primary Impact Zone
• RAP: Resettlement Action Plan
• RA: Republic Act
• PD: Presidential Decree
• NSO: National Statistics Office
• DENR: Department of Environment and Natural Resources
• DOH: Department of Health
• DOST: Department of Science and Technology
• DSWD: Department of Social Welfare and Development
• DOF: Department of Finance
• DPWH: Department of Public Works and Highways
• MGB: Mines and Geosciences Bureau
• NEDA: National Economic Development Authority
• NIA: National Irrigation Administration
• NPC: National Power Corporation
• PHIVOLCS: Philippine Institute of Volcanology and Seismology
• PAGASA: Philippine Atmospheric, Geophysical and Astronomical Services Administration
• JICA: Japan International Cooperation Agency
• UNDP: United Nations Development Programme
• WBP: Water Supply and Bulk Water Project
• WTP: Water Treatment Plant
• DSW: Department of Social Welfare
• FGD: Focus Group Discussion
• B/C: Benefit/Cost Ratio
• TOR: Terms of Reference
• TWG: Technical Working Group
• SC: Steering Committee
• STM: Stakeholder's Meeting
• STW: Stakeholder's Workshop
• AMRIS: Angat-Maasim River Irrigation System
• AWUAIP: Angat Water Utilization & Aqueduct Improvement Project
• AWOP: Angat Water Supply Optimization Project
• ECC: Environmental Compliance Certificate
• EIRR: Economic Internal Rate of Return
• EIS: Environmental Impact Statement
• EIC: Environmental Information Center
• GCM: Global Circulation Model
• GIS: Geographical Information Systems
• GDP: Gross Domestic Product
• GVA: Gross Value Added
• IWRM: Integrated Water Resources Management
• IWRM-PRB: Integrated Water Resource Management for Poverty Alleviation and Economic Development in the Pampanga River Basin
• NWRB: National Water Resources Board
• PIZ: Primary Impact Zone
• RAP: Resettlement Action Plan
• RA: Republic Act
• PD: Presidential Decree
• NSO: National Statistics Office
• DENR: Department of Environment and Natural Resources
• DOH: Department of Health
• DOST: Department of Science and Technology
• DSWD: Department of Social Welfare and Development
• DOF: Department of Finance
• DPWH: Department of Public Works and Highways
• MGB: Mines and Geosciences Bureau
• NEDA: National Economic Development Authority
• NIA: National Irrigation Administration
• NPC: National Power Corporation
• PHIVOLCS: Philippine Institute of Volcanology and Seismology
• PAGASA: Philippine Atmospheric, Geophysical and Astronomical Services Administration
• JICA: Japan International Cooperation Agency
• UNDP: United Nations Development Programme
• WBP: Water Supply and Bulk Water Project
• WTP: Water Treatment Plant
• DSW: Department of Social Welfare
• FGD: Focus Group Discussion
• B/C: Benefit/Cost Ratio
• TOR: Terms of Reference
• TWG: Technical Working Group
• SC: Steering Committee
• STM: Stakeholder's Meeting
• STW: Stakeholder's Workshop
• AMRIS: Angat-Maasim River Irrigation System
• AWUAIP: Angat Water Utilization & Aqueduct Improvement Project
• AWOP: Angat Water Supply Optimization Project
• ECC: Environmental Compliance Certificate
• EIRR: Economic Internal Rate of Return
• EIS: Environmental Impact Statement
• EIC: Environmental Information Center
• GCM: Global Circulation Model
• GIS: Geographical Information Systems
• GDP: Gross Domestic Product
• GVA: Gross Value Added
• IWRM: Integrated Water Resources Management
• IWRM-PRB: Integrated Water Resource Management for Poverty Alleviation and Economic Development in the Pampanga River Basin
• NWRB: National Water Resources Board
• PIZ: Primary Impact Zone
• RAP: Resettlement Action Plan
• RA: Republic Act
• PD: Presidential Decree
• NSO: National Statistics Office
• DENR: Department of Environment and Natural Resources
• DOH: Department of Health
• DOST: Department of Science and Technology
• DSWD: Department of Social Welfare and Development
• DOF: Department of Finance
• DPWH: Department of Public Works and Highways
• MGB: Mines and Geosciences Bureau
• NEDA: National Economic Development Authority
• NIA: National Irrigation Administration
• NPC: National Power Corporation
• PHIVOLCS: Philippine Institute of Volcanology and Seismology
• PAGASA: Philippine Atmospheric, Geophysical and Astronomical Services Administration
• JICA: Japan International Cooperation Agency
• UNDP: United Nations Development Programme
• WBP: Water Supply and Bulk Water Project
• WTP: Water Treatment Plant
• DSW: Department of Social Welfare
• FGD: Focus Group Discussion
• B/C: Benefit/Cost Ratio
• TOR: Terms of Reference
• TWG: Technical Working Group
• SC: Steering Committee
• STM: Stakeholder's Meeting
• STW: Stakeholder's Workshop
• AMRIS: Angat-Maasim River Irrigation System
• AWUAIP: Angat Water Utilization & Aqueduct Improvement Project
• AWOP: Angat Water Supply Optimization Project
• ECC: Environmental Compliance Certificate
• EIRR: Economic Internal Rate of Return
• EIS: Environmental Impact Statement
• EIC: Environmental Information Center
• GCM: Global Circulation Model
• GIS: Geographical Information Systems
• GDP: Gross Domestic Product
• GVA: Gross Value Added
• IWRM: Integrated Water Resources Management
• IWRM-PRB: Integrated Water Resource Management for Poverty Alleviation and Economic Development in the Pampanga River Basin
• NWRB: National Water Resources Board
• PIZ: Primary Impact Zone
• RAP: Resettlement Action Plan
• RA: Republic Act
• PD: Presidential Decree
• NSO: National Statistics Office
• DENR: Department of Environment and Natural Resources
• DOH: Department of Health
• DOST: Department of Science and Technology
• DSWD: Department of Social Welfare and Development
• DOF: Department of Finance
• DPWH: Department of Public Works and Highways
• MGB: Mines and Geosciences Bureau
• NEDA: National Economic Development Authority
• NIA: National Irrigation Administration
• NPC: National Power Corporation
• PHIVOLCS: Philippine Institute of Volcanology and Seismology
• PAGASA: Philippine Atmospheric, Geophysical and Astronomical Services Administration
• JICA: Japan International Cooperation Agency
• UNDP: United Nations Development Programme
• WBP: Water Supply and Bulk Water Project
• WTP: Water Treatment Plant
• DSW: Department of Social Welfare
• FGD: Focus Group Discussion
• B/C: Benefit/Cost Ratio
• TOR: Terms of Reference
• TWG: Technical Working Group
• SC: Steering Committee
• STM: Stakeholder's Meeting
• STW: Stakeholder's Workshop
• AMRIS: Angat-Maasim River Irrigation System
• AWUAIP: Angat Water Utilization & Aqueduct Improvement Project
• AWOP: Angat Water Supply Optimization Project
• ECC: Environmental Compliance Certificate
• EIRR: Economic Internal Rate of Return
• EIS: Environmental Impact Statement
• EIC: Environmental Information Center
• GCM: Global Circulation Model
• GIS: Geographical Information Systems
• GDP: Gross Domestic Product
• GVA: Gross Value Added
• IWRM: