2025-01-01-世界卫生组织-Environmental_Health_Cambodia_2024_country_profile_3页_174kb

Cambodia Health & Environment Scorecard Summary

Air Pollution

• Air quality guidelines for PM2.5 are not met (annual mean 18 μg/m³ vs WHO target).
• Air pollution contributes significantly to deaths from stroke and ischaemic heart disease.
• There is insufficient data on air pollution causes and health impacts beyond the reported.
• Existence of national policies for household clean fuels and energy is generally acknowledged but details/policy strength are unclear due to insufficient data.

Water, Sanitation & Hygiene (WASH)

• Insufficient data limits assessment.
• Access to safely managed drinking water and sanitation for health is limited (less than <50% of what is needed nationally).

Climate Change & Health Adaptation

• Deaths from heat are projected to increase significantly by 2050 under high emissions scenario.
• A national adaptation plan exists.
• Commitment to climate action includes a COP26 Health Programme, national health climate commitment, and low-carbon health systems goals.
• Over 40% of health care facilities lack basic services, reliable electricity, climate resilience measures, and proper waste management.

Biodiversity & Forest Cover

• Cambodia has submitted a post-COP15 National Biodiversity Strategy and Action Plan aiming to conserve 30% of land/waters/seas by 2030.
• Significant deforestation occurred (-27% change since 1990).

Chemicals, Radiation & Labour

• Injuries and diseases from work-related risks are high (24/100,000).
• Lead exposure and poisoning incidents exceed benchmarks.
• National policies for chemical/improperly managed substances and radiation regulation exist, but capacities may be limited (IHR capacity scores average around 60% for health, 40% for chemical/radiation emergencies). Existence of a poison centre is noted.
• National occupational safety and health policies and ratification status of international conventions exist, but enforcement and stringent standards (C155, C161, C187) may be incomplete.

Data Limitations

• A significant portion of the assessment relies on "INSUFFICIENT DATA," meaning many indicators cannot be properly evaluated.

Overall

Cambodia faces significant challenges related to air pollution, access to safe WASH, heat-related disease adaptation, work-related health risks, and exposure to environmental chemicals. Progress on climate adaptation and the submission of biodiversity plans exist, but overall compliance with WHO guidelines and policy implementation is limited, often hampered by data scarcity. Occupational health and waste management in health facilities also require considerable improvement.