2018-移动车联网的社会经济效益（英文版）

Summary of the Final Report for 5GAA: Socio-Economic Benefits of Cellular V2X

Core Content

This report, conducted by Analysys Mason and SBD Automotive on behalf of the 5G Automotive Association (5GAA), evaluates the socio-economic benefits of Cellular V2X (C-V2X) technology in Europe. The study focuses on the potential of C-V2X to support vehicle-to-everything (V2X) communication and its role in enabling connected and automated driving solutions.

Main Points

1.1 Background and Context

• V2X Overview: V2X enables communication between vehicles and infrastructure, complementing on-board sensors with extended data reach.
• C-V2X Technology: Developed by 3GPP, C-V2X includes two communication modes:
  • PC5: Direct vehicle-to-vehicle (V2V) and vehicle-to-infrastructure (V2I) communication without mobile network assistance.
  • Uu: Vehicle-to-network (V2N) communication using existing cellular infrastructure, with future integration into 5G networks.
• 5G Evolution: The transition from LTE to 5G is expected to enhance network capacity, reduce latency, and improve reliability, enabling more advanced V2X applications.
• IEEE 802.11p: A short-range wireless technology for V2V and V2I, though not widely adopted, remains an alternative to C-V2X.

1.2 Qualitative Benefits of C-V2X and 5G

• Enhanced Services: C-V2X will support real-time infotainment, improved safety, and automation, allowing drivers and passengers to engage in activities while the vehicle is in automated mode.
• Societal Impact: The integration of C-V2X with 5G is expected to lead to a wide range of societal benefits, including safer roads, more efficient traffic flow, and environmental improvements.
• Employment and Innovation: The development of C-V2X is anticipated to create new employment opportunities and foster innovation in the SME market through new business concepts and technologies.

1.3 Quantitative Benefits

• Scenarios Modelled:
  • Scenario 1 – Base Case: No regulatory mandate, C-V2X deployment by OEMs. Net benefits: EUR39 billion in 2035.
  • Scenario 2 – 2020 EC Mandate: Requires support of 'Day 1' and 'Day 1.5' services using IEEE 802.11p and 5.9GHz RSUs. Net benefits: EUR20 billion in 2035.
  • Scenario 3 – 2023 EC Mandate: Requires support of 'Day 1' and 'Day 1.5' services using LTE PC5. Net benefits: EUR27 billion in 2035.
  • Scenario 4 – Equitable 5.9GHz Use: C-V2X and IEEE 802.11p coexist in 5.9GHz spectrum, with an equitable division. Net benefits: EUR43 billion in 2035.
• Key Findings:
  • Scenario 4 and the base case provide the highest net benefits.
  • Scenario 2 and 3 result in lower net benefits due to higher costs and slower breakeven.
  • Scenario 4 allows for greater flexibility and cost efficiency by reusing cellular networks for V2N.

1.4 Conclusions and Recommendations

• Net Benefits in 2035: Estimated between EUR20 billion and EUR43 billion across the four scenarios.
• Primary Benefits:
  • Increased road safety and traffic efficiency are the largest contributors to benefits.
  • Reduction in travel time and accident rates account for over 97% of the benefits in the base case.
  • Fuel consumption and CO₂ emissions reductions are relatively minor.
• Recommendations:
  • Support Synergies: European C-ITS policy should encourage synergies between C-V2X modes and 3GPP-based infrastructure.
  • Encourage 5G Migration: Promote the transition to 5G-based V2X to enhance performance and support future applications.
  • Enable V2P Services: Facilitate the deployment of vehicle-to-pedestrian (V2P) services, which are essential for urban automation and safety.

Key Information

• Technology Synergies: C-V2X offers integration with existing cellular infrastructure, reducing costs and increasing service reliability.
• Cost Considerations:
  • In-vehicle C-ITS systems account for the majority of costs.
  • Interoperability between IEEE 802.11p and PC5 increases in-vehicle costs.
• Market Penetration:
  • The report models different penetration rates for C-V2X and IEEE 802.11p.
  • The equitable 5.9GHz use scenario allows for the most flexible and cost-effective deployment.
• Policy Context:
  • The European Commission (EC) is consulting on C-ITS deployment, with a 5G Action Plan estimating EUR113 billion in annual benefits by 2025.
  • The automotive sector is a key driver for C-V2X and 5G adoption due to the demand for automated driving technologies.

Summary of Scenarios

Additional Notes

• The report includes primary research conducted via interviews with key industry players such as AT&T, Audi, BMW, China Mobile, Ericsson, Ford, Huawei, Intel, Nokia, and Vodafone.
• The study highlights the importance of C-V2X in supporting future mobility, safety, and environmental goals.
• It also identifies the potential for smartphones to access V2I/V2P services through LTE PC5, which could significantly increase adoption and benefits.