2007年-世界发展银行全球_Tanzania_-_Subnational_Costs_of_Doing_Business_in_Tanzania___An_Assessment_of_Doing_Business_in_Arusha_Dodoma_Iringa_Kigoma_Mtwara_Mwanza_and_Zanzibar_44页_2mb

报告摘要

Summary of Subnational Costs of Doing Business in Tanzania

Core Content

This report provides an assessment of the subnational costs of doing business in Tanzania, focusing on eight major urban centers: Arusha, Dodoma, Iringa, Kigoma, Mtwara, Mwanza, Zanzibar, and the mainland. It evaluates the time and cost required to complete key business procedures, including incorporation, licensing, social security registration, tax registration, property transfer, and utility connections. The goal is to support the Tanzania National Business Council (TNBC) and local governments in understanding and improving the business environment across regions.

Main Findings

1. Business Incorporation and Registration

Legal Process: The process involves seven formal steps, including form completion, submission, assessment, and obtaining approvals.
Time and Cost: Theoretically, it should take 7 days, but in practice, it varies significantly by region.
- Zanzibar: 10 days (fastest)
- Dodoma: 19 days (slowest)
Key Issue: The process is centralized in Dar es Salaam, requiring travel and increasing time and cost, especially for regions far from the capital.

2. Business and Trade Licensing

Legal Process: Involves form completion, submission, assessment, and obtaining approvals from the Municipal Licensing Committee (MLC).
Time and Cost:
- Fastest: Mwanza and Iringa (26 days)
- Slowest: Mtwara (136 days)
Key Issue: Some regions require proof of tax payment across two quarters, and lack of local forms leads to delays.

3. NSSF Registration

Legal Process: Two forms are required from the local NSSF Compliance Officer.
Time and Cost:
- Fastest: Arusha, Mtwara, Mwanza, and Iringa (2 days)
- Slowest: Mbeya (7 days)
Key Issue: While most regions meet the 2-day estimate, some have additional delays due to the need to return after a fixed period.

4. Tax Registration with TRA

Legal Process: Two steps—obtaining a Tax Identification Number (TIN) and registering for Value-Added Tax (VAT).
Time and Cost:
- Fastest: Zanzibar (8 days for TIN, 91 days for VAT)
- Slowest: Mtwara (100+ days)
Key Issue: Centralized processing in Dar es Salaam causes significant delays, especially for regions with backlogs.

5. Property Purchase and Transfer

Legal Process: Involves obtaining forms, submission for approval, and registration at the Zonal Land Registry.
Time and Cost:
- Fastest: Mbeya (41 days)
- Slowest: Mtwara (280 days)
Key Issue: Centralized approval in Dar es Salaam leads to delays, and some regions advise applicants to stop the process due to excessive time.

6. Connecting Power

Legal Process: Involves applying for a connection to the electricity grid.
Time and Cost:
- Fastest: Transfers take up to 5 days
- Slowest: Some areas suffer from severe backlogs and no longer accept applications
Key Issue: Power connection is a major constraint for many businesses, with delays affecting operational readiness.

7. Connecting Water

Legal Process: Involves changing accounts and installing new connections.
Time and Cost:
- Fastest: Not specified
- Slowest: Not specified
Key Issue: Water connection procedures are not as detailed in the report, but they are part of the broader utility connection process.

8. Obtaining a Loan

Legal Process: Involves applying for a bank account and an overdraft.
Time and Cost:
- Fastest: Not specified
- Slowest: Not specified
Key Issue: The process is generally straightforward, but the report does not provide detailed findings.

Key Insights

Regional Variations: The ease and cost of doing business vary significantly across regions due to differences in local implementation and administrative procedures.
Centralization Issues: Many processes are centralized in Dar es Salaam, leading to increased time and cost for businesses in other regions.
High Costs: The monetary costs of setting up a business in Tanzania are high, with the process in some regions costing up to 145% of per capita GNI.
Informal Sector Incentives: High costs and time delays encourage firms to bypass formal channels and operate in the informal sector.
Investment Climate: Despite improvements, Tanzania remains ranked in the bottom 50 globally for ease of doing business, highlighting the need for reform.

Conclusion

The report underscores the importance of subnational assessments in understanding the true costs and challenges of doing business. It highlights the need for local governments and agencies to improve the efficiency of their processes to support formal business activity and economic growth. The findings also emphasize the role of the Tanzania National Business Council in facilitating dialogue and reform between the private and public sectors.