2011年-世界发展银行全球_Uganda_Water_Assistance_Strategy_151页_45mb

Uganda Water Assistance Strategy Summary

Core Content

This document outlines the Uganda Water Country Assistance Strategy (Water CAS), a strategic framework developed by the World Bank to support the Government of Uganda (GoU) in improving water resource management and service delivery. The strategy is aligned with the National Development Plan (NDP) and other sector-specific plans, aiming to enhance the productivity and sustainability of Uganda's water sector.

Main Views and Key Information

1. Uganda's Development Context

• Economic Growth: Uganda has experienced sustained economic growth over the past 25 years, with an average GDP growth of 7.4% in the 2000s, declining slightly to around 5% recently.
• Sector Shifts: The economy has shifted from agriculture to services and industry, with services now contributing 52% of GDP and industry 26%.
• Poverty Reduction: Poverty has more than halved from 56% in 1992 to 23.3% in 2009, but inequality persists, especially between urban and rural areas.
• National Development Plan (NDP): The NDP (2010-15) outlines a vision for growth, employment, and socio-economic transformation. It emphasizes productive investment in water for agriculture, fisheries, livestock, hydropower, and industry.

2. Water Resource Base

• Geographical Position: Uganda lies on the equator, between the eastern and western rift valleys, and is characterized by wetlands and lakes.
• Water Resources: Total renewable water resources are estimated at 43 MCM, with 88% flowing out of Lake Victoria into the Victoria Nile.
• Water Utilization: About 13% is sustainable groundwater (5.67 MCM), and the rest is surface water (37.41 MCM).
• Transboundary Nature: Most surface water is transboundary, shared with neighboring countries.

3. Current Status and Emerging Issues

• Rainfall Variability: Annual rainfall varies significantly, with about half of the districts experiencing deficits (up to 400 mm).
• Infrastructure Challenges: Water infrastructure is underdeveloped, especially in rural areas, with poor maintenance and limited access to water services.
• Environmental Degradation: Wetlands and forests are being lost at alarming rates, affecting water availability and quality.
• Climate Risks: Droughts and floods are frequent, and climate change threatens to worsen these conditions.
• Water Use Trends: Water use is projected to triple from 707 MCM/year in 2008 to 2113 MCM/year in 2035, with agriculture, industry, and urban areas driving the demand.

4. Objectives of the Water CAS

• Improve Water Resource Management: Enhance the institutional and governance framework for water management.
• Improve Service Delivery: Increase access to and quality of water supply and sanitation services.
• Promote Integrated and Participatory Planning: Develop a framework for catchment-level planning and management through Water Management Zones (WMZs).

5. Costs of Inadequate Water Management

• Kampala Water Supply: Poor source protection leads to higher costs for water treatment chemicals.
• Bushenyi Water Supply: Similar issues with source protection result in increased incremental costs.
• Wetlands Degradation: Loss of wetlands reduces natural drainage and water quality, with significant economic and environmental costs.
• Power Sector: Delays in electricity development and unreliable supply impact economic growth and service delivery.
• Agriculture: Rainfall variability affects crop productivity, with potential yield losses in deficit areas.

6. Prioritization of Actions

• Framework for Prioritization: Actions are prioritized based on their impact, feasibility, and alignment with the NDP and other sector strategies.
• Key Strategic Choices: Focus areas include capacity development, investment in water access and delivery, rainfed farming, environmental services, and climate resilience.

7. World Bank Support

• Historical Support: The World Bank has supported Uganda's water sector through various projects, including hydropower, water supply, and environmental management.
• Priority Areas: The Water CAS recommends a program of support focusing on:
  • Capacity development for integrated water management.
  • Investments in improved access to water and environmental services.
  • Rainfed farming and agricultural water management.
  • Environmental services and climate resilience.
  • Other water-related investments, including infrastructure and policy reforms.

Conclusion

The Water CAS is a critical tool for guiding the World Bank's support to Uganda in the context of growing water demands, environmental degradation, and climate risks. It emphasizes the need for integrated, participatory, and sustainable approaches to water resource management and service delivery, aligning with the country's broader development goals. The strategy also highlights the importance of addressing financial and institutional challenges to ensure long-term water security and economic growth.