2023-06-29-世界卫生组织-Clean_air_and_energy_access_for_healthier_populations_and_universal_health_coverage_34页_2mb

Summary of WHO Strategic Approach for Air Quality, Energy Access and Health

Core Content

The World Health Organization (WHO) has developed a strategic approach for air quality, energy access and health to address the global environmental health crisis caused by air pollution and lack of access to clean, sustainable energy. This approach is designed to support countries in protecting public health, promoting universal health coverage, and accelerating progress towards sustainable development goals (SDGs) by integrating health considerations into all policies and sectors.

The strategy is structured around three cross-cutting action areas:

1. Knowledge, Evidence & Measuring Progress
2. Institutional Capacity-Building & Technical Support
3. Leadership & Coordination

These areas aim to synthesize evidence, build institutional capacity, and leverage health leadership to drive multi-sectoral action and policy change.

Main Points and Key Information

1. Knowledge, Evidence & Measuring Progress

• Objective: Provide a comprehensive and up-to-date evidence base to inform policies and monitor progress.
• Actions:
  • Synthesize evidence to inform policy.
  • Develop normative recommendations and guidance.
  • Establish baselines and measure progress.
• Outputs:
  • Publicly available databases.
  • Technical reports of analysis.
  • Knowledge synthesis.
  • Norms and guidelines.
  • Reports on tracking progress.
  • Methods and protocols.
• Outcome: The evidence base on air pollution and lack of energy access is comprehensive, up-to-date, and available to inform decision-making and monitor progress.

2. Institutional Capacity-Building & Technical Support

• Objective: Develop tools and resources to support countries in translating evidence into action.
• Actions:
  • Inform the development of regulatory frameworks.
  • Plan and implement interventions.
  • Train and educate health and other sectors.
• Outputs:
  • Health workforce curricula and training.
  • Tools and calculators for situational assessment.
  • Methods for evaluation of interventions and monitoring.
  • Guidance for policy development, regulatory mechanisms and programme implementation.
• Outcome: Country stakeholders are equipped with knowledge, skills and capacity on energy access and air quality to implement evidence-based actions in policies and healthcare delivery.

3. Leadership & Coordination

• Objective: Promote health leadership and facilitate multi-sectoral coordination to accelerate action.
• Actions:
  • Convene interdisciplinary expert groups.
  • Promote cross-sectoral and interagency collaboration.
  • Leverage the 'health argument' for scaling-up actions.
• Outputs:
  • WHO-led expert working groups.
  • Political commitment via WHO-led high-level coalitions and country engagement.
  • Multi-partner initiatives and collaborative efforts.
  • Joint technical activities with non-communicable diseases, maternal and child health, water and sanitation, and climate change agendas.
  • Science communication and advocacy products.
• Outcome: Health, air quality and energy access are systematically integrated into the global development agenda to drive sectoral planning and actions.

Key Statistics and Context

• Air pollution is the greatest environmental risk to public health, contributing to 7 million deaths annually.
• 2.4 billion people use polluting fuels and technologies for cooking.
• 1 billion people globally lack reliable electricity in health-care facilities.
• The economic cost of air pollution is estimated at $8.1 trillion USD annually.
• WHO is the custodial agency for SDG indicators 3.9.1, 7.1.2, and 11.6.2, which relate to air quality and energy access.

WHO's Response and Role

• WHO is the international coordinating authority for health-related policies and actions.
• The 2015 World Health Assembly resolution A68.8 and its roadmap laid the foundation for this strategic approach.
• WHO works with UN agencies, civil society, and non-state actors to ensure synergy and maximize impact.
• The strategy emphasizes multi-stakeholder engagement, positioning the health sector as a key driver of change.

Strategic Lines of Action

• Line 1: Driving change for public health protection – WHO’s global leadership and coordination.
• Line 2: Building the case for air pollution action – assessing health, economic, climate and other impacts.
• Line 3: Clean household energy solutions toolkit (CHEST).
• Line 4: Health-care facilities electrification.
• Line 5: Health workforce capacity building.
• Line 6: Enabling the health sector engagement – tools and resources for action.
• Line 7: Desert dust and health.
• Line 8: Defining, tracking and reporting data – health beyond SDG 3.
• Line 9: Communications and advocacy.

Conclusion

The WHO Strategic Approach for Air Quality, Energy Access and Health aims to protect public health, reduce the burden of disease, and support universal health coverage by integrating health into all sectors and policies. It emphasizes evidence-based action, capacity building, and multi-stakeholder collaboration, with a focus on global leadership, technical support, and advocacy to drive meaningful change.