未来的电力市场设计_118页_2mb

Summary of "Electricity Market Design of the Future"

Core Content

This document outlines the future electricity market design in Germany, focusing on four key areas:

1. Investment framework for renewable energy sources
2. Investment framework for controllable capacities
3. Locational signals
4. Flexibilisation of demand

The goal is to create a secure, affordable, and sustainable electricity system in the context of the energy transition, which is moving Germany toward a climate-neutral electricity system by 2045. The document presents various options for market design and encourages public consultation and political discussion.

Main Functions of the Future Electricity Market

1. Coordination: Ensure the most cost-effective use of required capacities and the demand side.
2. Investment framework: Provide sufficient certainty for investors to support new technologies and capacities.
3. Geographical balancing: Use locational signals to coordinate supply and demand with grid transport capacities.
4. Temporal balancing: Optimize the timing of supply and demand to increase flexibility and reduce overall system costs.

Key Fields of Action

1. Investment Framework for Renewable Energy Sources

• Objective: Create a sustainable, reliable, and cost-effective investment framework for renewables.
• Current System: The sliding market premium has supported rapid expansion of renewables while reducing costs.
• Challenges: Uncertainty in market revenues and low returns during periods of low prices.
• Options:
  • Option 1: Refinancing contribution as a repayment mechanism.
  • Option 2: Two-way production-based contract for difference.
  • Option 3: Two-way non-production-based contract for difference.
  • Option 4: Capacity payments with non-production-based refinancing contribution.
• Recommendation: Option 4 is considered the closest to the Federal Government's Initiative for Growth, which aims to transition from direct subsidies to investment cost support.

2. Investment Framework for Controllable Capacities

• Objective: Ensure sufficient investment in flexible technologies to balance variable renewable generation.
• Current Issues: Market revenues are uncertain, and fixed costs are becoming more important.
• Options:
  • Capacity safeguarding mechanism through peak price hedging (CMP).
  • Decentralised capacity market (DCM).
  • Central capacity market (CeCM).
  • Combined capacity market (CoCM).
• Recommendation: The BMWK favours the Combined Capacity Market (CoCM), which integrates the advantages of both central and decentralised approaches, ensuring long-term investment security and flexibility.

3. Locational Signals

• Objective: Coordinate supply and demand with the grid's transport capacities, especially in a high-renewable system.
• Key Points:
  • Grid expansion remains essential, but not to the last "kW".
  • Locational signals can reduce grid costs and improve the integration of renewables.
• Options:
  • Temporally/regionally differentiated grid fees.
  • Regional signals in funding programmes.
  • Demand response in congestion management.
• Note: The configuration of bidding zones is not considered an option due to complexity and challenges.

4. Flexibility

• Objective: Leverage demand-side flexibility to enhance system efficiency and security.
• Benefits of Flexibility:
  • Improve market value of renewables.
  • Increase competitiveness of the German economy.
  • Reduce redispatch costs.
  • Optimize integration of renewables and controllable appliances.
• Obstacles:
  • Inadequate tariff models.
  • Inflexible grid fee systems.
  • Limited industrial flexibility.
• Recommendation: Develop a coordinated Flexibility Agenda to systematically reduce obstacles and promote flexibility.

Interrelationships Between Fields

• Flexibility and locational signals interact closely, with locational signals helping to guide investment and dispatch decisions.
• Removing obstacles to flexibility can reduce the costs of other market design options.
• The future financing of renewables and controllable capacities is converging, suggesting a common philosophy of cost-effective investment and risk hedging.

Consultation and Next Steps

• The BMWK invites stakeholders to participate in a written consultation until 6 September 2024.
• The results of the consultation will be presented at the Platform Climate-Neutral Electricity System meeting after the summer holidays.
• The Federal Government plans to make a decision on the capacity mechanism in the autumn, with the first key points expected to be adopted in October.

Conclusion

The document provides a comprehensive overview of the options for future electricity market design in Germany, emphasizing the need for a sustainable, flexible, and cost-effective system. It highlights the importance of integrating renewables, ensuring investment certainty, using locational signals, and promoting demand-side flexibility to achieve a climate-neutral and competitive electricity system. The BMWK is leading the process, with the support of stakeholders and the aim of public consultation.