总结：Doing Business 2017 - Congo, Dem. Rep.
核心内容
《Doing Business 2017》是世界银行发布的一份旗舰报告，旨在衡量和跟踪各国在商业生命周期中涉及的11项关键业务法规的变化。该报告评估了企业创办、建设许可、获取电力、产权登记、获取信贷、保护少数投资者、缴税、跨境贸易、执行合同、解决破产和劳动市场监管等方面的法规便利性。2017年的报告特别强调了性别维度，增加了对女性创业者和投资者的考量。
主要观点
- 报告目的：提供一个衡量各国商业环境的指标体系，帮助政策制定者识别改革方向。
- 指标覆盖范围：包括190个经济体，涵盖从阿富汗到津巴布韦的广泛地区。
- 性别维度：首次在四个指标中加入性别分析，包括企业创办、产权登记、执行合同和劳动市场监管。
- 数据来源与时间：数据截止至2016年6月1日，部分缴税指标涵盖2015年全年。
- 排名与评分：采用“距离前沿评分（DTF Score）”和“营商环境便利性排名（Ease of Doing Business Rank）”两个主要评估体系。
关键信息
一、营商环境概况
- Congo, Dem. Rep. 在2017年营商环境便利性排名中位列 184，与2016年排名相同。
- 距离前沿评分（DTF Score） 为 37.57，与2016年相比略有提升（+0.04）。
- 报告中不包括劳动市场监管在整体排名和评分中，但提供了相关数据。
二、各指标表现
| 指标 |
Congo, Dem. Rep. (DB2017) |
Congo, Dem. Rep. (DB2016) |
Burundi (DB2017) |
Cameroon (DB2017) |
Congo, Rep. (DB2017) |
Malawi (DB2017) |
Namibia (DB2017) |
Rwanda (DB2017) |
Best performer globally (DB2017) |
| Starting a Business (Rank) |
96 |
85 |
18 |
149 |
178 |
150 |
170 |
76 |
1 (New Zealand) |
| Starting a Business (DTF Score) |
85.49 |
85.49 |
94.45 |
76.99 |
59.44 |
76.73 |
68.87 |
87.17 |
99.96 (New Zealand) |
| Procedure – Men (number) |
6.0 |
6.0 |
3.0 |
5.0 |
11.0 |
7.0 |
10.0 |
5.0 |
1.0 (4 Economies*) |
| Time – Men (days) |
11.0 |
11.0 |
4.0 |
15.0 |
50.0 |
37.0 |
66.0 |
4.0 |
0.5 (New Zealand) |
| Cost – Men (% of income per capita) |
29.3 |
29.3 |
13.9 |
32.0 |
61.2 |
42.2 |
11.5 |
48.5 |
0.0 (Slovenia) |
| Procedure – Women (number) |
7.0 |
7.0 |
3.0 |
6.0 |
11.0 |
7.0 |
10.0 |
5.0 |
1.0 (4 Economies*) |
| Time – Women (days) |
12.0 |
12.0 |
4.0 |
16.0 |
50.0 |
37.0 |
66.0 |
4.0 |
0.5 (New Zealand) |
| Cost – Women (% of income per capita) |
29.3 |
29.3 |
13.9 |
32.4 |
61.2 |
42.2 |
11.5 |
48.5 |
0.0 (Slovenia) |
| Paid-in min. capital (% of income per capita) |
0.0 |
0.0 |
0.0 |
137.6 |
92.2 |
0.0 |
0.0 |
0.0 |
0.0 (127 Economies*) |
| 指标 |
Congo, Dem. Rep. (DB2017) |
Congo, Dem. Rep. (DB2016) |
Burundi (DB2017) |
Cameroon (DB2017) |
Congo, Rep. (DB2017) |
Malawi (DB2017) |
Namibia (DB2017) |
Rwanda (DB2017) |
Best performer globally (DB2017) |
| Dealing with Construction Permits (Rank) |
114 |
129 |
169 |
141 |
124 |
65 |
67 |
158 |
1 (New Zealand) |
| Dealing with Construction Permits (DTF Score) |
65.89 |
62.43 |
52.72 |
61.18 |
64.16 |
72.45 |
72.22 |
55.40 |
87.40 (New Zealand) |
| Procedures (number) |
12.0 |
10.0 |
14.0 |
15.0 |
12.0 |
13.0 |
10.0 |
15.0 |
3.0 (15 Economies*) |
| Time (days) |
122.0 |
150.0 |
99.0 |
135.0 |
164.0 |
153.0 |
137.0 |
113.0 |
28.0 (Korea, Rep.) |
| Cost (% of warehouse value) |
6.2 |
6.2 |
10.4 |
14.1 |
7.1 |
1.0 |
0.5 |
42.4 |
0.1 (Trinidad and Tobago) |
| Building quality control index (0-15) |
7.5 |
5.5 |
3.0 |
13.0 |
9.0 |
9.5 |
6.5 |
13.0 |
15.0 (Luxembourg*) |
| 指标 |
Congo, Dem. Rep. (DB2017) |
Congo, Dem. Rep. (DB2016) |
Burundi (DB2017) |
Cameroon (DB2017) |
Congo, Rep. (DB2017) |
Malawi (DB2017) |
Namibia (DB2017) |
Rwanda (DB2017) |
Best performer globally (DB2017) |
| Getting Electricity (Rank) |
175 |
180 |
183 |
89 |
178 |
169 |
124 |
117 |
1 (Korea, Rep.) |
| Getting Electricity (DTF Score) |
33.59 |
33.37 |
26.45 |
70.28 |
32.90 |
42.36 |
59.36 |
60.69 |
99.88 (Korea, Rep.) |
| Procedures (number) |
6.0 |
6.0 |
5.0 |
4.0 |
6.0 |
6.0 |
6.0 |
4.0 |
3.0 (15 Economies*) |
| Time (days) |
44.0 |
44.0 |
23.0 |
86.0 |
55.0 |
69.0 |
52.0 |
12.0 |
1.0 (3 Economies*) |
| Cost (% of property value) |
11.5 |
9.5 |
3.2 |
18.8 |
12.3 |
1.7 |
13.8 |
0.1 |
0.0 (Saudi Arabia) |
| Quality of the land administration index (0-30) |
10.0 |
10.0 |
4.5 |
7.0 |
3.5 |
10.5 |
8.5 |
28.0 |
29.0 (Singapore) |
| 指标 |
Congo, Dem. Rep. (DB2017) |
Congo, Dem. Rep. (DB2016) |
Burundi (DB2017) |
Cameroon (DB2017) |
Congo, Rep. (DB2017) |
Malawi (DB2017) |
Namibia (DB2017) |
Rwanda (DB2017) |
Best performer globally (DB2017) |
| Getting Credit (Rank) |
139 |
134 |
175 |
133 |
118 |
101 |
62 |
2 |
1 (New Zealand) |
| Getting Credit (DTF Score) |
30.00 |
30.00 |
10.00 |
35.00 |
40.00 |
45.00 |
60.00 |
95.00 |
100.00 (New Zealand) |
| Strength of legal rights index (0-12) |
6.0 |
6.0 |
2.0 |
6.0 |
6.0 |
9.0 |
5.0 |
11.0 |
12.0 (3 Economies*) |
| Depth of credit information index (0-8) |
0.0 |
0.0 |
0.0 |
1.0 |
2.0 |
0.0 |
7.0 |
8.0 |
8.0 (30 Economies*) |
| Credit registry coverage (% of adults) |
0.7 |
0.3 |
4.0 |
8.0 |
12.2 |
0.0 |
0.0 |
7.4 |
100.0 (3 Economies*) |
| Credit bureau coverage (% of adults) |
0.0 |
0.0 |
0.0 |
0.0 |
0.0 |
0.0 |
61.2 |
16.6 |
100.0 (23 Economies*) |
| 指标 |
Congo, Dem. Rep. (DB2017) |
Congo, Dem. Rep. (DB2016) |
Burundi (DB2017) |
Cameroon (DB2017) |
Congo, Rep. (DB2017) |
Malawi (DB2017) |
Namibia (DB2017) |
Rwanda (DB2017) |
Best performer globally (DB2017) |
| Protecting Minority Investors (Rank) |
162 |
162 |
137 |
137 |
145 |
132 |
81 |
102 |
1 (New Zealand*) |
| Protecting Minority Investors (DTF Score) |
36.67 |
36.67 |
41.67 |
41.67 |
40.00 |
43.33 |
55.00 |
51.67 |
83.33 (New Zealand*) |
| Strength of minority investor protection index (0-10) |
3.7 |
3.7 |
4.2 |
4.2 |
4.0 |
4.3 |
5.5 |
5.2 |
8.3 (New Zealand) |
| Extent of conflict of interest regulation index (0-10) |
3.7 |
3.7 |
5.7 |
4.7 |
4.3 |
5.7 |
5.7 |
6.3 |
9.3 (New Zealand) |
| Extent of shareholder governance index (0-10) |
3.7 |
3.7 |
2.7 |
3.7 |
3.7 |
3.0 |
5.3 |
4.0 |
8.3 (Norway) |
| 指标 |
Congo, Dem. Rep. (DB2017) |
Congo, Dem. Rep. (DB2016) |
Burundi (DB2017) |
Cameroon (DB2017) |
Congo, Rep. (DB2017) |
Malawi (DB2017) |
Namibia (DB2017) |
Rwanda (DB2017) |
Best performer globally (DB2017) |
| Paying Taxes (Rank) |
177 |
176 |
123 |
180 |
183 |
102 |
74 |
59 |
1 (United Arab Emirates) |
| Paying Taxes (DTF Score) |
40.12 |
40.12 |
62.2 |
35.87 |
27.39 |
69.58 |
74.97 |
79.69 |
99.44 (United Arab Emirates) |
| Payments (number per year) |
52.0 |
52.0 |
25.0 |
44.0 |
50.0 |
35.0 |
27.0 |
29.0 |
3.0 (Hong Kong SAR, China*) |
| Time (hours per year) |
346.0 |
346.0 |
232.0 |
630.0 |
602.0 |
177.5 |
302.0 |
124.0 |
55.0 (Luxembourg) |
| Total tax rate (% of profit) |
54.6 |
54.6 |
40.3 |
57.7 |
54.3 |
34.5 |
20.7 |
33.0 |
26.1 (32 Economies*) |
| Postfiling index (0-100) |
30.0 |
- |
34.0 |
48.4 |
14.7 |
63.4 |
79.0 |
83.3 |
98.5 (Estonia) |
| 指标 |
Congo, Dem. Rep. (DB2017) |
Congo, Dem. Rep. (DB2016) |
Burundi (DB2017) |
Cameroon (DB2017) |
Congo, Rep. (DB2017) |
Malawi (DB2017) |
Namibia (DB2017) |
Rwanda (DB2017) |
Best performer globally (DB2017) |
| Trading across Borders (Rank) |
188 |
188 |
160 |
186 |
182 |
118 |
127 |
87 |
1 (10 Economies*) |
| Trading across Borders (DTF Score) |
1.26 |
1.26 |
47.38 |
15.99 |
19.68 |
63.32 |
61.47 |
71.19 |
100.00 (10 Economies*) |
| Time to export: Border compliance (hours) |
515 |
515 |
59 |
202 |
276 |
85 |
120 |
97 |
0 (18 Economies*) |
| Cost to export: Border compliance (USD) |
2223 |
2223 |
106 |
983 |
1975 |
243 |
745 |
183 |
0 (18 Economies*) |
| Time to export: Documentary compliance (hours) |
698 |
698 |
120 |
66 |
120 |
83 |
90 |
42 |
1 (25 Economies*) |
| Cost to export: Documentary compliance (USD) |
2500 |
2500 |
150 |
306 |
165 |
342 |
348 |
110 |
0 (19 Economies*) |
| Time to import: Border compliance (hours) |
588 |
588 |
154 |
271 |
397 |
64 |
6 |
86 |
0 (25 Economies*) |
| Cost to import: Border compliance (USD) |
3039 |
3039 |
444 |
1407 |
1581 |
143 |
145 |
282 |
0 (28 Economies*) |
| Time to import: Documentary compliance (hours) |
216 |
216 |
180 |
163 |
208 |
63 |
3 |
72 |
1 (29 Economies*) |
| Cost to import: Documentary compliance (USD) |
875 |
875 |
1025 |
849 |
310 |
162 |
63 |
121 |
0 (30 Economies*) |
| 指标 |
Congo, Dem. Rep. (DB2017) |
Congo, Dem. Rep. (DB2016) |
Burundi (DB2017) |
Cameroon (DB2017) |
Congo, Rep. (DB2017) |
Malawi (DB2017) |
Namibia (DB2017) |
Rwanda (DB2017) |
Best performer globally (DB2017) |
| Enforcing Contracts (Rank) |
171 |
170 |
149 |
160 |
155 |
148 |
98 |
95 |
1 (Korea, Rep.) |
| Enforcing Contracts (DTF Score) |
36.06 |
36.06 |
45.74 |
41.76 |
43.99 |
46.48 |
56.03 |
56.76 |
84.15 (Korea, Rep.) |
| Time (days) |
610.0 |
610.0 |
832.0 |
800.0 |
560.0 |
522.0 |
460.0 |
230.0 |
164.0 (Singapore) |
| Cost (% of claim) |
80.6 |
80.6 |
38.6 |
46.6 |
53.2 |
69.1 |
35.8 |
82.7 |
9.0 (Iceland) |
| Quality of judicial processes index (0-18) |
7.0 |
7.0 |
7.0 |
6.0 |
5.0 |
9.0 |
6.5 |
13.0 |
15.5 (Australia) |
| 指标 |
Congo, Dem. Rep. (DB2017) |
Congo, Dem. Rep. (DB2016) |
Burundi (DB2017) |
Cameroon (DB2017) |
Congo, Rep. (DB2017) |
Malawi (DB2017) |
Namibia (DB2017) |
Rwanda (DB2017) |
Best performer globally (DB2017) |
| Resolving Insolvency (Rank) |
169 |
169 |
141 |
122 |
117 |
162 |
97 |
73 |
1 (Finland) |
| Resolving Insolvency (DTF Score) |
0.00 |
0.00 |
30.52 |
36.63 |
37.75 |
22.25 |
41.96 |
47.85 |
93.89 (Finland) |
| Recovery rate (cents on the dollar) |
0.0 |
0.0 |
7.4 |
15.8 |
17.9 |
12.3 |
34.4 |
19.2 |
92.9 (Norway) |
| Time (years) |
no practice |
no practice |
5.0 |
2.8 |
3.3 |
2.6 |
2.5 |
2.5 |
0.4 (22 Economies*) |
| Cost (% of estate) |
no practice |
no practice |
30.0 |
33.5 |
25.0 |
25.0 |
14.5 |
29.0 |
1.0 (22 Economies*) |
方法论与局限性
- 方法论：Doing Business 使用定量指标，比较各国在商业法规方面的表现。
- 数据收集：基于标准假设，数据涵盖11个关键领域。
- 局限性：未直接研究市场接近性、基础设施质量、财产安全、政府采购透明度、宏观经济状况和制度基础等其他影响因素。
总结
《Doing Business 2017》为刚果民主共和国提供了全面的营商环境分析，涵盖从企业创办到解决破产等关键指标。报告引入了性别维度，提高了对女性创业者和投资者的关注。尽管刚果民主共和国在多个指标中排名靠后，但其数据仍有助于识别改革方向。报告强调了数据的比较性和基准性，为政策制定者提供了重要的参考信息。
