ISERS：2022年东南亚报告（EN）_60页_4mb

报告摘要

The State of Southeast Asia: 2022 Survey Report Summary

Core Content

The State of Southeast Asia: 2022 Survey Report provides an in-depth analysis of the perceptions and views of Southeast Asians on regional issues, major power dynamics, and ASEAN's role in the region. The survey, conducted from 11 November 2021 to 31 December 2021, involved 1,677 respondents from ten ASEAN member states, offering insights into the attitudes of policymakers, academics, businesspeople, media, and civil society members.

Main Concerns of Southeast Asians

The report highlights the following key concerns among respondents:

75.4% are most concerned about the threat of the pandemic to health.
49.8% worry about unemployment and economic recession.
37.0% are concerned about the impact of climate change.
Terrorism remains the least concern at 12.5%.

Perception of ASEAN

ASEAN faces significant criticism, with 70.1% of respondents believing it is slow and ineffective, unable to cope with political and economic changes. This concern has overtaken the previous year's top issue, which was ASEAN becoming a major power competition arena (now at 61.5%). Additionally, 49.0% of respondents are concerned that ASEAN is unable to overcome current pandemic challenges.

Government Response to the Pandemic

51.0% of respondents feel their governments have performed well or adequately in handling the pandemic.
30.6% disagree with the government's performance.
18.4% remain neutral.

The Philippines and Vietnam showed the highest levels of trust in vaccines, with mRNA vaccines (Pfizer and Moderna) being the most trusted at 54.8%, followed by Chinese vaccines (Sinopharm and Sinovac) at 18.7%. AstraZeneca received 9.2%, while domestic and Indian vaccines had lower trust levels.

Myanmar Crisis

The Myanmar crisis has tested ASEAN's centrality and unity. 37.0% of respondents approve of ASEAN's response, 33.1% disapprove, and 29.9% are neutral. Among those who approve, 42.5% believe ASEAN has taken active steps to mediate the crisis, while 45.5% of those who disapprove think ASEAN is moving too slowly.

Major Powers' Influence

58.5% of respondents welcome the strengthening of QUAD and its potential cooperation on issues like vaccine security and climate change.
36.4% believe the AUKUS arrangement will help balance China's military power.
22.5% think AUKUS will escalate the regional arms race.
18.0% are concerned that AUKUS will weaken ASEAN centrality.

Trust in Major Powers

Japan is the most trusted major power at 54.2%.
The US follows at 52.8%.
The EU is trusted at 48.5%.
China is viewed with distrust by 58.1% of respondents, with 49.6% fearing it could threaten their country's interests and sovereignty.
India is trusted by 47.8%, with 35.6% fearing its influence.

Soft Power in the Region

53.5% of respondents prioritize travel and tertiary education choices based on soft power.
Pfizer and Moderna are seen as the most trusted vaccine brands.
Japan and the US are the most trusted for providing global public goods.

Respondents' Profile

38.5% of respondents are from government.
30.4% are from academia, think-tanks, or research institutions.
14.3% are from civil society, NGOs, or media.
11.1% are from business or finance.
5.8% are from regional or international organisations.
The Philippines had the highest number of respondents (23.9%).
Myanmar and Singapore followed closely (20.9% and 13.2% respectively).
The largest age group is 21-35 years old (36.7%).
Gen Z (under 21) increased to 5.7%, with Myanmar showing the highest proportion.

Methodology and Data Analysis

The survey was conducted over 7 weeks and offered in five languages.
Weighting was applied to ensure equal representation across ASEAN countries.
The data cleaning process was strict to maintain quality and integrity.
Trend analysis was conducted using weighted data from 2021 and 2022.

Conclusion

The report underscores the growing challenges in Southeast Asia, particularly the ongoing impact of the pandemic, economic concerns, and climate change. It also highlights distrust in ASEAN's effectiveness and increasing influence of major powers in the region. The rise in Gen Z representation and heightened concerns about ASEAN's relevance and unity indicate a shifting regional landscape and the need for reform and stronger cooperation.