2023-04-25-爱立信-6G频谱——实现2030年以后的未来移动生活_27页_1mb

报告摘要

6G Spectrum – Enabling the Future Mobile Life Beyond 2030

Core Content

This white paper outlines the role of spectrum in enabling the development and deployment of 6G networks, emphasizing the need for additional spectrum to support the next generation of wireless technologies. It explores the envisioned use cases for 6G, the spectrum requirements for these use cases, and the importance of specific frequency ranges in achieving the 6G vision.

Main Use Cases and Spectrum Implications

1. Internet of Senses

Enables immersive, sensory digital experiences similar to the physical world.
Involves technologies like visual, audio, haptic, and multisensory extensions.
Holographic communication requires high data rates (100 Mbit/s uplink, 1 Gbit/s downlink) and low latency.
These use cases will drive significant demand for wide-area spectrum, especially for photorealistic and multisensory communication.

2. Digitalized and Programmable Physical World

Includes digital twins of real-world objects and environments (e.g., smart cities).
Requires wide-area spectrum for data collection and processing from numerous sensors.
Even modest data rates from each sensor (e.g., 15 kbit/s) can add up to significant aggregate data rates (e.g., 150 kbit/s/m²).
Localized use cases like professional holographic communication in factories and hospitals may require up to 10–15 GHz of spectrum.

3. Connected Intelligent Machines

Future networks will support intelligent machines (e.g., collaborative robots, autonomous vehicles) that communicate with each other.
This use case is expected to grow as 6G enables more complex and real-time interactions.

4. Connected Sustainable World

6G is expected to contribute to sustainability by enabling remote healthcare, reducing travel, and supporting smart infrastructure.
It plays a key role in minimizing the environmental impact of the ICT sector while maximizing the benefits of mobile networks.

Spectrum Requirements

Wide-area spectrum needs for 6G use cases are estimated to be around 3 GHz.
Mid-band spectrum (e.g., 3.5 GHz, 6 GHz) is essential for cost-effective wide-area networks, balancing coverage and capacity.
Low-band spectrum (e.g., 600 MHz, 700 MHz) is critical for rural and deep indoor coverage, with propagation characteristics that allow for wide-area reach.
High-band spectrum (e.g., 26 GHz, 28 GHz) supports localized high capacity and low latency, ideal for enterprise applications.

Key Frequency Ranges

1. 7–15 GHz Centimetric Range

This range is crucial for wide-area mobility and coverage.
It provides a balance between propagation characteristics and capacity.
Main driving use cases include:
- Holographic communication
- Digital twins
- Smart city applications
Challenges include coexistence with incumbent services (e.g., satellite, fixed services).
Ericsson is developing a testbed for this range to support outdoor trials and evaluate wideband and multiband capabilities.

2. Sub-THz Range (92–300 GHz)

Offers extremely high bandwidth and low latency, suitable for niche use cases.
Key applications include:
- Extreme gaming
- Direct device-to-device communication
Limitations include poor coverage and mobility, making it complementary rather than a substitute for lower frequency bands.
Potential bands:
- W band (75–110 GHz): Offers high bandwidth for 6G access.
- D band (140–300 GHz): Provides additional capacity for Xhaul (e.g., backhaul, fronthaul) networks.
Regulatory considerations:
- Licensed and unlicensed spectrum use may be combined based on use case requirements.
- High-frequency bands may require localized licensing due to their limited coverage.

Pathway to 6G Spectrum

Standardization progress:
- ITU-R is working on the ITU Vision for IMT-2030/6G.
- 3GPP is expected to finalize 6G specifications by 2028, with full deployment by 2030.
Spectrum allocation process:
- Involves ITU World Radiocommunication Conferences (WRCs), regional decisions, and national allocations.
- Harmonization is essential to enable economies of scale and support global deployments.
Stakeholder collaboration:
- Vendors, MNOs, regulators, and research organizations must work together to assess spectrum needs and drive regulatory changes.
- Proper authorization regimes are necessary to support network investments and innovation.

Conclusion

6G will enable a new era of immersive, ubiquitous, and sensory digital experiences.
Spectrum availability is a critical enabler for 6G success, with the 7–15 GHz range being especially important for wide-area coverage and mobility.
Sub-THz bands offer high bandwidth and low latency but are limited in coverage and mobility.
Harmonization of spectrum bands and technical conditions is key to unlocking the full potential of 6G, and national regulators play a vital role in this process.

Key Information

6G data rate requirements:
- Holographic communication: 100 Mbit/s uplink, 1 Gbit/s downlink.
- Digital twins: Aggregated data rates up to 150 kbit/s/m².
Spectrum shortfall:
- Even with optimal assumptions, a shortfall of 1.5–2.2 GHz is expected in mid-band spectrum by 2030.
Spectrum allocation:
- Low-band: 600 MHz, 700 MHz (for rural and deep indoor coverage).
- Mid-band: 3.5 GHz, 4.4–5 GHz, 6 GHz (for cost-effective wide-area coverage).
- High-band: 26 GHz, 28 GHz, 40 GHz (for localized high capacity and low latency).
Sub-THz spectrum:
- 92–300 GHz (W and D bands) offers Tbps speeds and low latency for niche use cases.
- Not a substitute for lower frequency bands due to coverage and mobility limitations.

Glossary (Selected Terms)

Digital Twin: A virtual representation of a physical object or system.
XR (Extended Reality): Encompasses AR, VR, and MR.
Holographic Communication: Real-time 3D communication using light fields.
Spectrum Harmonization: Standardizing frequency bands across regions or globally.
QoS (Quality of Service): Metrics that define the performance of a network for specific applications.