2014年-世界发展银行全球_Open_Data_for_Economic_Growth_20页_255kb

Summary of "OPEN DATA FOR ECONOMIC GROWTH"

Core Content

This report explores the economic potential of open data, emphasizing its role in driving business innovation, creating jobs, and enhancing public services. It highlights the importance of government as not only a supplier but also a leader, catalyst, and user of open data. The document reviews studies and case examples from various countries and sectors to demonstrate the significant, and sometimes transformative, economic value that can be unlocked through open data initiatives.

Main Points

Economic Potential of Open Data

• Open data has the potential to generate substantial economic value, with estimates ranging from billions to trillions of dollars annually.
• The European Commission estimated the direct public sector information reuse market in 2008 to be around €28 billion, with projections of reaching €40 billion by 2013 if open data policies are fully implemented.
• McKinsey estimated that seven global sectors alone could generate over $3 trillion in additional value per year from open data, with potential reaching $5 trillion.
• In the UK, the direct economic benefit was conservatively estimated at £1.8 billion annually, with total impact including indirect benefits of around £6.8 billion.
• In Spain, the infomediary sector (companies using open data) has at least 150 companies and generates 330–550 million Euros annually.
• The geospatial services sector is estimated to contribute $113 billion in GVA annually, which is approximately half the GVA of the global airline industry.

Key Characteristics of Open Data's Impact

• Most benefits are indirect, accruing to users of data-rich services rather than the data suppliers.
• Open data can lead to new business models, such as advertiser-pays rather than end-user-pays.
• The value of data is often derived from its combination with other factors, including innovation, technology, and new analytical methods.
• It is difficult to attribute benefits to individual factors due to the integration of open data with big data and other technologies.
• The measurement of benefits remains imprecise, but progress has been made in sectors like transport.

Types of Businesses Using Open Data

Notable Open Data Companies

• Zillow (US): Market cap over $3 billion, uses housing data to provide real estate services.
• Zoopla (UK): Annual sales £76 million, profit £25 million, uses UK Land Registry data.
• Waze (acquired by Google for $1.3 billion): Crowdsourced navigation app using transport data.
• Climate Corp (acquired by Monsanto for $930 million): Uses weather and agricultural data to offer insurance and analytics services.

Venture Capital Investment

• In 2013, venture capital investment in open data-related areas reached $1.28 billion across 127 deals.
• There was also notable exit activity, including 22 M&A transactions and 3 IPOs during the same period.

Role of the ICT Sector

• While traditional ICT firms play a supporting role, the data companies are increasingly using modern ICT tools such as open source software and cloud computing.
• The ICT sector is crucial for enabling the use of open data, but the innovation comes from entrepreneurs and developers rather than from traditional ICT providers.

Policy Recommendations

1. Supplier: Governments should release relevant data publicly and regularly, improving quality and access over time.
2. Leader: Governments should encourage other institutions, including public and private entities, to release data that supports economic growth.
3. Catalyst: Governments should foster an ecosystem of data users, developers, and innovators.
4. User: Governments should actively use open data within their own operations and promote its use in public institutions.

Conclusion

Open data is a powerful tool for economic growth, innovation, and efficiency. While the potential is large and varies by sector, the full realization of this potential requires sustained government engagement, supportive policies, and investment in the necessary infrastructure and skills. The document underscores that open data is not just a policy initiative but a transformative force in the modern economy.