2015年-世界发展银行全球_Identification_for_Development___Botswana_43页_3mb

报告摘要

Summary of Botswana's Identification for Development (ID4D) Report

Core Content

This report provides an in-depth analysis of Botswana's Identity Management System (IMS), focusing on four key dimensions: accessibility, robustness, integration and regulated access to data, and legal frameworks and data protection. It evaluates the legal and institutional framework, human and physical infrastructures, and the effectiveness of the national identity system in supporting public administration, governance, and service delivery.

Main Points

National Identity Management System (NIS)

Single Foundational System: Botswana has a unified identity management system that serves as a primary tool for public administration and governance.
Identity Life Cycle: The system supports identity from birth to death, with a unique identification number (UID) assigned at birth and used for the national ID card at age 16.
ID Card Functionality: The national identity card (NID) is a breeder document, used to obtain other important documents such as passports, driver’s licenses, and voter registration cards.
Legal Basis: The NIS is supported by six Acts of Parliament, including the Births and Deaths Registration Act, National Registration Act, and others.

Accessibility

Decentralized Network: The Department of Civil and National Registration (DCNR) operates a network of 37 offices in 12 districts and 25 subdistricts, plus 13 on-site registration offices at hospitals.
Free Services: Birth registration, birth certificates, and the first issuance of the national ID are free of charge.
Remote Area Dwellers: Special provisions exist for remote area dwellers (RADS), including mobile registration services and relaxed documentation requirements.
Late Registration Waivers: Late registration fees for births and deaths were waived from April 2014 to March 2015, and the suspension was extended for vulnerable populations.

Robustness

Real-time Updates: The system is capable of real-time updates, such as changing the status of a citizen from 'Live' to 'Deceased' upon death registration.
Infrastructure: All 37 DCNR offices and 13 hospital-based centers have internet access, computers, and telephones, although network stability is occasionally an issue.
Power Supply: The central database is connected to backup power, but load shedding affects some outstations.

Integration and Regulated Access to Data

Interconnected Systems: The NIS is integrated with various government systems, including the electoral system, Social Benefits Registration System (SOBERS), government payroll, and transport system.
Data Security: The system includes data integrity and security management, and there are plans to introduce electronic identity cards (e-ID) in the future.

Legal Framework and Data Protection

Legal Identity: The right to identity and nationality is recognized under the Universal Declaration of Human Rights and Convention on the Rights of the Child.
Compliance with SDGs: The country aligns with SDG 16, which emphasizes the importance of legal identity for all.
Regulatory Support: The legal framework supports data protection and regulated access to identity information.

Key Information

Population: 2,024,904 (as of 2011)
Urban/Rural Distribution: 64.1% urban, 35.9% rural
Literacy Rate (Females, 15–65 years): 89.6% (2014)
Poverty Rate (2009): 23%
Birth Registration Rate (0–1 year): 76.9% (2012)
Undocumented Population: 520,000 (over 14 years), 188,000 (under 14 years)
National ID Coverage: 67.3% of the population has a national ID, with the remaining 33% mostly under 16 years.
Percentage of Eligible Population with NID: 80–90%
Number of NID Holders: 1,541,571
National ID Card: Analog, machine-readable, barcoded with biometrics (fingerprint and photo), not yet electronic (e-ID).
Unique Identity Number (UID): Assigned at birth and used for the national ID card at age 16.
Digital Signature: Will be included in the upcoming e-ID.

Strategic Foundations

Ministry of Labour and Home Affairs (MLHA)

Vision: Excellence in provision of Labour and Homeland services
Mission: Promote Social and Industrial Harmony and Homeland Security
Values: Integrity, Botho (Humility)
Strategic Themes: Service Excellence, Operational Excellence, Homeland Security
Strategic Results: Customer Satisfaction, Efficient Operations, Labour Safety and Security

Department of Civil and National Registration (DCNR)

Vision: To be the best in providing registration services
Mission: Undertake registration of births and deaths, national registration, marriage solemnization, name changes, and monitoring of societies
Values: Integrity, Botho
Strategic Themes: Service Excellence, Operational Excellence, Homeland Security
Strategic Results: Customer Satisfaction, Efficient Operations

Way Forward

People Hub Project: The initiative aims to introduce electronic forms and online services for registration, which will enhance the system's functionality.
Future Integration: Plans to integrate the NIS with the Immigration and Citizenship System to develop a Population Register or People Hub.
Investment Plan: The 2015–2020 CRVS and Identity Management Investment Plan outlines the steps for improving the system and ensuring legal identity for all.

Conclusion

Botswana has made significant strides in establishing a robust and accessible identity management system. The system is supported by a strong legal framework, decentralized infrastructure, and strategic partnerships with development partners and non-state actors. The introduction of on-site registration has improved the timeliness and accuracy of birth and death registrations. The suspension of late registration fees and relaxed documentation requirements for vulnerable populations and remote area dwellers demonstrate a commitment to inclusive and equitable service delivery. Future enhancements, including the development of electronic identity cards, are expected to further strengthen the system and align it with global standards and goals such as the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs).

References

World Bank Group (WBG)
United Nations Children's Fund (UNICEF)
United Nations Population Fund (UNFPA)
United Nations (UN)
World Health Organization (WHO)
African Development Bank (AfDB)

Appendix

National Registration Act (Appendix 1)

Figures and Tables

Figure 1: Number of On-site and Total Birth Registrations, 2011–2014
Table 1: Botswana at a Glance
Table 2: Department of Civil and National Registration Infrastructure Capacity

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