2015年-世界发展银行全球_Identity_Management_Systems_Analysis___Botswana_Country_Report_50页_1mb

报告摘要

Identity Management Systems Analysis: Botswana Country Report Summary

Core Content

This report provides an analysis of Botswana's Identity Management Systems (IMS), focusing on the legal, institutional, and technological frameworks that support civil registration and identity management. It evaluates the system in terms of accessibility, robustness, integration, and legal protections, and outlines the future direction for improving the system.

Main Points

National Identity Management System (NIS) is a foundational system for public administration and governance, and it plays a critical role in enabling access to services and rights.
The National Identity Card (Omang) is issued at age 16 and serves as a breeder document for other official documents such as passports, driver's licenses, and voter registration cards.
The National Identity Number (UID) is assigned at birth and remains consistent throughout an individual's life, from identity establishment to end of identity (death or emigration).
Legal Framework: The NIS is supported by several Acts of Parliament, including the Births and Deaths Registration Act, the National Registration Act, and the Marriage Act, among others.
Decentralization: Registration services are highly decentralized, with 37 offices across 12 districts and 25 sub-districts, and 13 on-site registration offices at hospitals.
Infrastructure: The DCNR has robust ICT infrastructure, with 100% of offices having internet access and computers, though some areas face network instability.
Accessibility: Birth and death registration, as well as the first issuance of the national ID, are free of charge. Late registration fees were suspended for a period to improve access, especially for vulnerable populations.
Integration: The NIS is integrated with multiple government systems, including the electoral system, social protection programs, and the transport system. Real-time updates occur when a death is registered.
Data Security: The system includes measures for data integrity and security, and the DCNR has implemented a rigorous ID management cycle.

Key Dimensions of the National/Foundational ID System

1. Accessibility

Birth and death registration, as well as the first issuance of the national ID, are free.
Late registration fees were suspended from April 2014 to March 2015, and for vulnerable groups beyond that period.
Mobile registration services are used to reach remote and difficult-to-access areas.

2. Robustness

The system is designed to ensure the accuracy and reliability of identity data.
Real-time data updates are in place for death registration, which affects the status of the individual in all integrated systems.
The DCNR has implemented strategic reforms, risk management, and process re-engineering to enhance system robustness.

3. Integration and Regulated Access to Data

The NIS is linked with various government systems, including the electoral system, social protection, and transport.
Integration ensures that identity data is shared securely and efficiently across different service delivery platforms.
Access to data is regulated and controlled through established legal and administrative procedures.

4. Legal Framework and Personal Data Protection

The legal framework is well-established and includes multiple Acts of Parliament.
The system complies with international standards for identity management and data protection.
There is a focus on ensuring that identity data is protected and used only for legitimate purposes.

Program Specific ID Cards

Social Protection: The Social Benefits Registration System (SOBERS) is linked to the NIS to facilitate access to social safety net programs.
Immigration and Citizenship: The NIS is expected to be integrated with the Immigration and Citizenship System (ICS) in the future, as part of a broader initiative to develop a Population Register or People Hub.

Conclusion

The National Identity Management System in Botswana is a critical infrastructure for governance, service delivery, and human rights protection. It has been established through a combination of legal reforms, strategic planning, and technological integration. The system is robust, accessible, and well-integrated, though there are ongoing efforts to enhance its digital capabilities and ensure full coverage for all population segments.

Way Forward

People Hub Initiative: The government aims to develop a People Hub, which will integrate the NIS with other systems, including immigration and citizenship.
2015–2020 CRVS and Identity Management Investment Plan: This plan outlines the strategic goals for improving civil registration and identity management, with a focus on legal identity for all.
Strategic Impact: The NIS supports the goals of the Sustainable Development Goals (SDG 16), particularly the provision of legal identity for all, including birth registration.
Future Goals: The system is expected to evolve into a more comprehensive and digital identity management framework, enhancing service delivery and governance efficiency.

Summary of Key Statistics

Population: 2,024,904
Percentage of population with National ID (NID): 67.3% (mostly under 16 years)
Percentage of eligible population with NID: 80–90%
Number of NID cards issued: 1,541,571
On-site registration facilities: 13 hospitals
Decentralization: 37 offices across 12 districts and 25 sub-districts
Late registration fees: Suspended for vulnerable populations and remote area dwellers
Mobile registration services: Operated monthly/quarterly in remote areas

Strategic Foundations

Ministry of Labour and Home Affairs (MLHA)

Vision: Excellence in provision of Labour and Homeland services
Mission: Promote Social and Industrial Harmony and Homeland Security
Values: Integrity, Botho
Strategic Themes: Service Excellence, Operational Excellence, Homeland Security
Strategic Results: Customer Satisfaction, Efficient Operations, Labour Safety and Security

Department of Civil and National Registration (DCNR)

Vision: To be the best in providing registration services
Mission: Undertake registration of births and deaths, national registration, marriage solemnization, name changes, and societies
Values: Integrity, Botho
Strategic Themes: Service Excellence, Operational Excellence, Homeland Security
Strategic Results: Customer Satisfaction, Efficient Operations

References

World Bank Group (WBG)
United Nations Children's Fund (UNICEF)
United Nations Population Fund (UNFPA)
World Health Organization (WHO)
African Development Bank (AfDB)
Statistics Botswana
Births and Deaths Registration Act
National Registration Act
Marriage Act
Change of Name Act
Societies Registration Act
Yamoussoukro Declaration (2015)
Global Civil Registration and Vital Statistics Scaling Up Investment Plan (2015–2024)
Africa Programme on Accelerated Improvement of Civil Registration and Vital Statistics (APAI-CRVS) (2012)
Botswana's National e-Government Strategy (2011–2016)