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Mauritania Renewable Readiness Assessment Summary

Core Content

The Renewables Readiness Assessment (RRA) for Mauritania, conducted by the International Renewable Energy Agency (IRENA) in collaboration with the United Nations Development Programme (UNDP), provides a comprehensive overview of the country's renewable energy landscape, challenges and opportunities. It outlines the strategic framework and action plan to enhance the deployment of renewable energy in line with national development goals.

Main Axes of the RRA

1. Renewable Energy Resources and Potential

Mauritania has abundant renewable energy resources, particularly solar and wind, making it well-suited for renewable energy development. Key highlights:

• Solar potential: Estimated at 2000–2300 kWh/m²/year, comparable to southern Europe.
• Wind potential: High in coastal areas, especially the Nouadhibou region, with peak wind speeds exceeding 9 m/s.
• Hydropower: Already being tapped through the Senegal River Basin Development Authority (OMVS), though small hydropower potential in the south remains unassessed.
• Biomass: Used traditionally, but has potential to meet energy needs if managed sustainably in the context of desertification.

2. National Energy Strategy and Objectives

Mauritania has set clear renewable energy targets as part of its Poverty Reduction Strategy Paper (PRSP):

• 15% renewable share in the national energy mix by 2015
• 20% by 2020
• 35% by 2030

These targets are already exceeded due to recent project developments, including the 15 MW Sheikh Zayed solar PV plant (2013) and a 30 MW wind farm (2014), which significantly contribute to the energy mix.

The government has also launched an offshore natural gas project in Banda, aiming to use this resource to generate electricity for domestic and industrial needs.

3. Challenges in Renewable Energy Deployment

Despite progress, several challenges hinder the full integration and deployment of renewable energy in Mauritania:

• Lack of a clear national strategy for renewable energy leads to overlapping initiatives and poor coordination.
• Legislative and regulatory instability:
  • Electricity tariffs do not accurately reflect costs.
  • Regulatory authority is limited in scope.
• Capacity-building needs:
  • Limited knowledge and understanding of renewable technologies and their potential.
  • Need for training and institutional support across public and private sectors.
• High electricity costs and the reliance on heavy fuel oil (HFO) for most generation (75% of current capacity).
• Access to energy services remains low in rural areas, with only 5% of the population connected to the grid.

4. Enabling Framework

The RRA outlines an enabling framework that includes:

• Energy policy and regulatory environment: Needs improvement to support long-term renewable deployment.
• Investment and financing: Requires more structured and long-term financial instruments.
• R&D and capacity building: Must be enhanced to support the development and adoption of renewable technologies.

5. Action Plan and Recommendations

To address the challenges and accelerate renewable energy deployment, the RRA recommends a five-action plan:

Action 1: Develop a National Renewable Energy Policy

• Establish a long-term, comprehensive policy to guide renewable energy development.
• Confirm and possibly increase current renewable targets (e.g., 15% by 2015, 20% by 2020, 35% by 2030).
• Integrate renewable energy into national development and economic strategies.

Action 2: Strengthen Regulatory and Legislative Framework

• Improve electricity tariff structures to reflect actual costs.
• Expand the role and authority of the Multisectoral Regulation Authority (ARM).
• Ensure legal and regulatory stability to attract investment.

Action 3: Enhance Institutional Capacity and Knowledge

• Develop R&D institutions and training centers to build expertise in renewable energy.
• Promote knowledge sharing and capacity-building across public and private sectors.

Action 4: Expand Renewable Energy Infrastructure

• Develop grid and interconnection networks to support renewable integration.
• Invest in mini-grids and decentralised solutions for remote and isolated areas.
• Continue the development of on-grid and off-grid renewable projects.

Action 5: Promote Regional and International Cooperation

• Strengthen regional co-operation with the Maghreb and West Africa to become a renewable electricity exporter.
• Leverage international support and knowledge, including IRENA and UNDP.

Key Stakeholders and Partners

• IRENA and UNDP played a central role in the RRA process.
• Ministry of Petroleum, Energy and Mines (MPEM) led the national effort.
• SOMELEC, SNIM, APAUS, and ADER are key agencies involved in energy development and electrification.
• The Sheikh Zayed solar PV plant and the Boulenouar wind farm are significant projects in the renewable energy portfolio.

Conclusion

The RRA highlights Mauritania's strong potential for renewable energy development and the need for a structured, coordinated and long-term strategy to capitalise on this potential. With the support of IRENA and UNDP, the country is on track to significantly increase its renewable energy share and improve access to electricity, especially in rural and remote areas. The report serves as a foundation for future action and investment in renewable energy.