2016年-世界发展银行全球_Doing_Business_Economy_Profile_2017___Japan_127页_1mb

Doing Business 2017: Japan Summary

Core Content

The Doing Business 2017 report by the World Bank Group provides a comprehensive analysis of the regulatory environment for small to medium-sized businesses in Japan. It evaluates 11 key areas of business regulation, including starting a business, dealing with construction permits, getting electricity, registering property, getting credit, protecting minority investors, paying taxes, trading across borders, enforcing contracts, resolving insolvency, and labor market regulation. The report highlights the ease of doing business and the distance to frontier (DTF) score for each indicator, which reflects how close an economy is to the best regulatory practices globally.

Main Points

• Report Overview

  • The report aims to measure the ease of doing business and identify regulatory reforms that improve economic outcomes.
  • It provides data for Japan and comparator economies, enabling meaningful comparisons.
  • The data are current as of June 1, 2016, with some exceptions (e.g., paying taxes data covers 2015).

• Key Indicators and Rankings

• Ranking and DTF Changes

  • Japan's ease of doing business (EoDB) rank in 2017 was 34, down by 2 from 2016.
  • Japan's DTF score in 2017 was 75.53, up by 0.17 from 2016.
  • The report introduces a gender dimension in some indicators, highlighting the difference in procedures and costs between male and female entrepreneurs.

• Methodology and Limitations

  • The report includes 190 economies, with data for Japan covering the period up to June 2016.
  • It measures the regulatory environment for a local limited liability company in the largest business city.
  • It does not include labor market regulation in the aggregate EoDB ranking or DTF score.
  • The methodology does not cover all aspects of the business environment, such as proximity to large markets, infrastructure quality (except for electricity and trade), or macroeconomic conditions.

Key Information

• Japan's EoDB Rank (2017): 34
• Japan's DTF Score (2017): 75.53
• Japan's EoDB Rank (2016): 32 (adjusted for methodological changes)
• Japan's DTF Score (2016): 75.36
• Comparator Economies: New Zealand, Australia, Hong Kong SAR, Korea, United States, and others.
• Gender Component: Introduced in 2017 for starting a business, registering property, enforcing contracts, and labor market regulation.
• New Data: The report includes data for Somalia, bringing the total number of economies to 190.
• Postfiling Processes: Added to the paying taxes indicator to reflect procedures after tax compliance, such as tax refunds, audits, and appeals.

Conclusion

The Doing Business 2017 report provides a detailed assessment of Japan's regulatory environment for small to medium-sized businesses. While Japan maintains a strong position in several areas, such as resolving insolvency, there is room for improvement in others, including paying taxes and enforcing contracts. The introduction of a gender dimension offers a more nuanced understanding of how regulatory processes affect different groups. The report is a valuable tool for policymakers to identify areas for reform and benchmark performance against other economies.